Onboard radar "Thunderstorm"
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Onboard radar "Thunderstorm"

Onboard radar "Thunderstorm"

 

Radar "Thunderstorm" is situated to review the front of the aircraft for the purpose of navigating the terrain orientation. This radar image on the display close to the image

location on a map of appropriate scale.

Azimuth survey radar "Thunderstorm" is ± 100 ° on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. A breakdown of the azimuth indicator scale realized through 10 ° digitizing through 20 °. General grading through 2 ° to measure the drift angle is given in the sector ± 20Q from the longitudinal axis of the aircraft.

Radar "Thunderstorm", other than picking a single transceiver and a single indicator, there is in the other trim levels: one transceiver and the two indicators;

with two transceivers and one indicator;

Two transceivers and two indicators.

 

The controls are located on the front panel of the main indicators:

1. Keys for turning the radar on and off. The radar starts to work normally in 3-5 minutes after switching on, when its nodes and elements warm up sufficiently. This delay also occurs when the radar is switched off for a short time.

2. The mode switch, marked with the inscription "Mode", has the following positions: "Ready", "Earth", "Thunderstorms", "Izo-Echo".

When the switch to "Ready" if for 3-5 minutes before it was powered on the radar, it is ready for immediate operation, but there is no radar radiation.

When the switch to the "Earth" locator light turns on and the antenna is formed by a fan-shaped beam is required for viewing the Earth's surface. In this position it is possible to enhance the contrast of the marks on the desired ground objects (cities, rivers, reservoirs) against the background of the Earth's surface. This is done by the regulator "Isolation."

In the "Storm" in a narrow beam antenna is formed and switches on the indicator as to obtain radar images of storms without interference from the earth at an altitude of more than 1000 m and independent of the brightness range to thunderstorms. In this mode it can be estimated from a safety standpoint, the magnitude of the excess over the peaks.

In the "Iso-Echo" is a narrow beam, but by switching to the display Subtract signal exceeding a predetermined amplitude value. This allows the width of the dark areas within the storm stray light on the indicator to determine the likely turbulence.

In the "Demolition" beam locator - fan-shaped, but the automatic antenna azimuth swing disabled. All the necessary movement of the beam azimuth by pressing one of the keys to the left of the indicator, the speed of the radar antenna beam can be varied by means of the regulator "Isolation."

3. The sweep range switch is labeled "KM" and has five positions: "30", "50", "125", "250" and "400". This switch changes the scale of the radar image on the indicator.

In the first four positions of scan range begins at the moment of radar radiation and ends at the moment of arrival of the reflected signal from the specified positions on these distances. In the fifth position scan begins at the moment of arrival of a range of reflections 200 km from the aircraft and terminates at a distance from their parish 400 km.

Increased surveillance range of reflections from the earth's surface and ground targets while maintaining the continuity of the image to scan 250 km in the "Earth" is achieved by automatically changing the shape of the antenna beam in the fan when moving left to right and the reflector narrow when moving from right to left.

When the sweep range "400" in the "Earth" Review made narrow beam is automatically focused in the vertical plane so that it covers the entire deployed on the indicator distance range. This is achieved by increasing the detection range of cities and especially large industrial and administrative centers.

4. The tilt regulator, marked with the inscription "Tilt", allows you to tilt the antenna beam relative to the horizon in the range of angles ± 10 °.

5. The dimmer labeled "Brightness" is designed in such a way that changing the brightness does not require simultaneous adjusting the brightness of the range rings or changing the position of the Highlight knob. All necessary adjustments are made automatically.

6. Marks brightness slider is used to change mark brightness relative to the radar image.

7. The "Selection" slider when operating in the "Earth" mode provides an increase in the contrast of images of objects of most interest to the observer. Contrast enhancement is achieved by excluding images of small ground objects that cannot be identified or are difficult to identify from the general radar image.

In the "Demolition" this control is carried out changing the speed of movement of the antenna azimuth. Contrast enhancement in this mode if it is not needed, is automatically excluded.

8. Regulator "Frequency" is for changing the frequency of the local oscillator radar and provides manual adjustment of the frequency of failure of automatic control, and if necessary, to enter the oscillator frequency in the capture zone of control system after switching on the radar.

9. Keys for manual control of the antenna azimuth movement are designed to measure the drift angle. They are located to the left of the main indicator symmetrically to the on and off buttons of the radar and are marked with special icons.

Components with two indicators. When installing the radar on the plane with two indicators of all the management of the station as well as the choice of the optimal duration of the sweep carried out with the main indicator.

For individual adjustment of the radar image on the display, there are three additional control, "Brightness", "Isolation" and "Tags".

Components with two transceivers. Additional transceiver if it is equipped with radar, can be immediately put into operation by switching the toggle switch "transmitter" Thunderstorm "to" Standby ". This is done in case of failure of the main transceiver. Additional transceiver plays a role not only to the hot spare, but is used when working on a radar sweep 400 km, increasing the number of detection range of objects. In this connection it is automatic.

If any options radar "Storm" on the plane can be retrofitted switch "Reserve, the stub." Turned off when installing it in the top position of the antenna stabilization system on the aircraft vertical gyroscopes if it fails. This switch is often mounted on the dashboard of the pilots in the vicinity of the pointer roll and pitch of the aircraft.

Enabling radar in flight. Before turning on the radar controls on the main and additional indicators should be in the following positions:

  • switch "mode" of the main indicators - in the "Ready"
  • control "Frequency" main indicator - in the extreme position clockwise;
  • regulator "Brightness" both indicators - in the middle position;
  • control the "slope" of the main indicators - the zero position;
  • regulator "isolated" both indicators - in an extreme position counter-clockwise;
  • regulator "Tags" both indicators - in the middle position;
  • Switch the main indicator of the duration of the sweep - in position «50» or «125».

When equipped with two radar transceivers switch "transmitter" Thunderstorm ", located in a b and n S e u a page should always be in the down position.

To enable the radar, press the stop key "On the radar." Right of the main display, including pre-filling stations. Blocks locator progrevshis, turn on automatically after a 3-5 min.

After 3-5 min, after pressing the key, you should set the desired "Mode", after which the rings on the radar screen should be illuminated. If at the same time at least one of the indicators of the ring does not appear, the range should be turned "Brightness" knobs of the corresponding indicators to the position at which the rings will appear. If it is not possible to obtain the range rings by turning the Brightness knobs, this is done by the "Mark" controllers when the "Brightness" knobs are set to the middle position, and by setting the switch of the main indicator sweep time to the "400" position and back.

Lack rings for all actions taken on only one of the two indicators indicating failure of only the indicator while maintaining operability of all radar as a whole.

Further, after the appearance of the rings must ensure normal operation of the radar, for which the rotation knob "Slope" counterclockwise (downward slope antenna) set angle equal 7 °, a scan range equal to «30», -

flight at altitudes of 1000-3 m. When flying at altitudes of 000-3 m, 000-5 m and more than 000 "the ranges" 5 "," 000 "and" 12 "are set accordingly.

Rotate the "Frequency" counterclockwise if necessary "can achieve the appearance of the image on the display surface of the Earth.

If after turning the "Frequency" knob anti-clockwise to the stop, the image does not appear, re-switch the "Mode" switch from the "Earth" position to the "Ready" position and once again set the desired operating mode by setting the "Frequency" knob to its home position. Repeat the above operations and after the appearance of the image, do not touch the "Frequency" regulator unnecessarily. With sufficient experience with the locator, you can return the "Frequency" knob to the extreme clockwise position to not switch the "Mode" switch to the "Ready" position and back, but simply to rotate the "Frequency" knob in a sharp jerk.

When using the described operations can not get the radar image, increase the angle of the antenna to 8-9CH and repeat the test.

When flying over a calm sea on 5000 m altitude and getting more on the display of the image may not be possible, which is not always indicate a problem with the radar.

Turn on the radar on the ground before takeoff. After the launch of aircraft aircraft engines, the radar must be activated using the “Radar On” button, as previously described. The “Mode” knob should be switched from the “Ready” position to the “Earth” position only if there is no 100 ° in the azimuth sector both ways from the longitudinal axis aircraft at distances of less than 100 m any large reflective objects (hangars, large buildings and so on. n.). Otherwise, the radar may be disabled.

When approaching the aircraft by the end of the runway just before the separation of the switch "Mode" should be transferred to the "Earth", the duration of the sweep switch - position «30», by turning the knob "Frequency" if necessary, must be received by the image of large objects in the vicinity of the airport. Tilting the antenna with zero.

You can then begin a survey of cloud formations in the area of ​​the intended climb path, which climbs up the antenna at an angle equal to the angle of climb, and the mode dial is moved to "Thunderstorm".

Turning off the radar. In normal operation, the radar, in the absence of need for it, but if you want to keep it ready for use at any time, the transceiver must be switched off by setting the mode switch to "Ready". Once again need to use radar, this switch must be converted to the desired mode, and the radar will operate, and the time delay in the heating equipment is not required.

If the equipment will not be needed for a long time or refuse it, turn off the radar completely, which press "Off." The main indicator. And, the next time you turn on, no matter how short was the interval between inclusions need 3-5-minute delay for warming up the equipment and the image on the display can only be obtained after that date.

ROSE-1 - a panoramic circular scanning radar, which has four scale sweep: 20, 55, 110 and 200 km. The ROSE-1 provided regarding the delay in the start of the sweep of the probe pulse (30 and 160 km), allows us to consider radar targets at greater distances than the scale of 200 km.

Thus, when the first delay km 30 50-kjk label will 80 km and at a delay 160 km - 210 km.

Reverse rotation control of the antenna provides a definition of drift angle by "stopping the antenna."

On the right side of the indicator located at the bottom of the handle for adjusting the image quality with the inscription "Isolation" and "Fok." These handles regulated tonnal- of images: a dark tone - from the water surface, light - from the earth and bright - from individual objects. The same stands handles a weak signal in the background noise of weak or strong cleaning, and also highlights the signals reflected from the water surface. To the right is a pen with the inscription "highlight the scale."

On the left side of the indicator located at the bottom of the handle with the words: "Bright. scr. "" Bright. met. "switch with the inscription" Azimut, the label "designed to enable signal azimuth mark. On the front of the indicator are: the right handle with the word "scale" for managing the scale and the left - a pen with the inscription "Vizir" to control the reticle indicator.

Remaining handles are designed for maintenance locator.

On the control panel are located:

1 radar power switch with the words "Power", has two positions: "ON." and "Off.";

6 switch high-voltage transmitter with the words "transmitter" which has two positions: "ON." and "Off.";

18 switch control device to control the operating modes: measurement of the rectified voltage currents crystals, the magnetron current and voltage of the pressure sensor in a sealed portion of the transmitter. On the switch have the appropriate endorsement;

15 scale sweep switch labeled "Scale", which has four positions: «20», «55», «110» and «200»;

Switch 11 delay sweep with the word "delay" have ing three positions: «0», «30» and «160»;

Pen 9 mirror tilt antenna marked "antenna tilt" having two directions of movement: the "Up" and "Down". Above this knob to control the angle of installation of the antenna is available with the corresponding indicator 4 digitization;

10 switch labeled "Antenna Rotation" has two positions: "ON." and "Manual.". At the top position of the switch "(On.") Antenna has a continuous circular motion, and at the lower position of the switch ("Man.") Antenna is stopped and switched to manual operation;

13 handle switching the direction of rotation of the antenna manually labeled "left-right". In this mode, the direction of rotation of the antenna is determined by the direction the handle is pressed:

12 knob to adjust the rotation speed of the antenna during manual operation with the inscription "Speed, Manual.";

17 knob to adjust the gain of the receiver labeled "receiver gain";

8 knob to manually adjust the frequency with the inscription "Settings";

7 pen inclusion AFC with two inscriptions: "AFC" and "PSD";

16 pen inclusion lighthouse with the inscription "Lighthouse", which has two positions: "ON." and "Off.";

14 knob to adjust the brightness light illumination with the word "highlight";

control panel with switch 3 18, designed to measure the main supply voltages and currents at the respective switch position;

warning lights: power-station green 2 - top left, turn on the high voltage - red 5 - right at the top and red illumination lamp bezel.

 

Enabling and checking of ROSE-1

Before departure when connected to the onboard network airfield power supply or after engine start work ROSE-1 tested in the following sequence:

1. Before switching on, set the controls as follows:

  • Power switch - to "Off.";
  • switch "transmitter" - Therefore to "Off.";
  • switch "Delay" - to the "O";
  • switch "Rotate. ant. "- to" Manual. ";
  • switch "Beacon" to "Off.";
  • switch "AFC-PSD" - to "PSD";
  • handle "receiver gain" - to the left counterclockwise rotation;
  • handle speed antenna manually ("Speed, Hand.") - to the left counterclockwise rotation;
  • handle "highlight" panel - to the left counterclockwise rotation;
  • switch "Azimut, the mark" - to "Off.";
  • handle "Bright. scr. "- to the left counterclockwise rotation;
  • handle "background" -to extreme left position by rotating counterclockwise;
  • handle "Isolation" - to the left counterclockwise rotation;
  • handle "highlight" of the scale - to the left counterclockwise rotation.

2. After installing the control knobs in the indicated positions, check the voltmeter voltage 115 V (400 Hz) and 27 V.

3. Turn on the radar with the Power On switch in the up position. In this case, the backlight lamps of the front panel of the control panel and the green signal lamp on it (next to the “Power on” toggle switch) should light up. Turn the "Backlight" knob to adjust the lighting of the remote control.

4. Using the control device on the control panel, check the main supply voltages (the arrow must be within the corresponding sectors).

5. Adjust the brightness of the scan line by turning the “Bright. screen. "

6. Turn on the antenna rotation by setting the “Rotate. ant. " to the top position.

7. To determine the operability of the receiving path "by noise" on the radar screen, set the "Background" knob to

clockwise to the far right and the knob "receiver gain" to achieve the appearance of 'noise' on the screen display. After that handle "Bright. scr. "achieve a brightness sweep in which" noise "are still visible on the screen.

8. Achieve the appearance of scale marks in the form of bright thin rings by rotating the "Bright. met. " clockwise to the right.

9. Check the correct range scales. To do this, set the "Scale" knob to the "20" "55", "110" and "200" positions. After checking, set the knob to position "20".

10. Changing the angle of the mirror to check the antenna on the device, why switch "antenna tilt" consistently hold to the "Up" and "Down".

11. Check the manual rotation of the antenna, then switch to "Rotate. antenna "put to" Manual. "and pressing the" Right "and" Left "to make sure the rotation of the antenna. Then switch "Rotate. ant. "back to" On. ".

12. Check current receiver crystals and AFC, which set the switch control device on the remote control to the "Current Crist, welcome." And the knob "Settings" to achieve the maximum current value of the crystal receiver. After that, set the switch to "current Christi. AFC. " The arrow of the device must be within the specified sector.

13. Check the magnetron current. To do this, put the switch "Transmitter On." In the upper position, and then switch the control device to put in the position "of the magnetron current." The arrow it must be within the sector.

A warning. When the radar on the ground with the transmitter antenna should be raised

up.

14. Rotate the "Settings" to achieve the appearance of the reflected signals from the targets, and the maximum brightness of the glow.

When the switch is "AFC-PSD" to "AFC" should not be a deterioration in the emission of radar targets.

15. Check the operation of the video amplifier by setting the handle "isolated" to the far right by turning clockwise. The brightness of radar image should increase.

16. Check razetok at different delays by setting switch "Delay" alternately in position «30» and «160». After checking the switch back to position «0».

On taxiing for takeoff from the aircraft parking navigator obliged to switch "Rotate. ant. 'set in the down position, and only after the separation of the aircraft from the runway to transfer him to the top position for the superstructure.

 

Some violations in the work of the radar ROSE-1 in flight and their elimination.

When working with the equipment ROSE-1 should be borne in mind that:

1. There is no search in the AFC system. If the image on the indicator screen disappears (in the presence of a magnetron current, mixers and noise), set the "RRCH-AFC" switch to the "RRCH" position, use the "Tuning" knob to set the radar to the maximum observed range over the ground background and then return the switch to position "AFC". If the image fades or disappears. If after replacing the fuse, it is repeated

burnout, the radar must be switched off.

continue to work with the radar at the position toggle switch to "PSD".

2. On Tu-124 and Tu-134 aircraft, the hermetic part of the radar is pumped up from the pressurized cockpit and when the pressure in it drops below 500 mm Hg. Art. the transmitter must be turned off to avoid breakdown.

In case of failure of scanning on the radar screen, and the current oscillations of the magnetron is necessary to switch on the remote control to put to the "instance, Dutch. Pressure. "If the arrow control device is a vertical bar to the left of the scale of the device, it indicates that lowering the pressure in the hermetically sealed portion below 500 mm Hg. Art. and the transmitter must be switched off.

Turning the transmitter is allowed only when the hand control unit is located to the right of the vertical risks t. E. At a pressure in a sealed portion above 500 mm Hg. Art.

3. In POZ-1, accidental fuses may blow out due to separate current surges or due to their aging.

 

Turning off the radar:

1. Before landing, you must stop the rotation of the antenna and turn off the high voltage.

2. After the aircraft has landed, turn off the power to the radar.

3. After turning off the radar, put all control and adjustment knobs in their original position.

 

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