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Booster Yenisei: photo, specifications, video

Booster Yenisei: photo, specifications, video

"Yenisei" - a booster carrier of a superheavy class of Russian production. The first carrier rocket was developed in the post-Soviet period by the Russian industry. The lead development organization is RSC Energia. Created in the framework of the federal target program called “Creation of a space rocket complex of a super-heavy class for 2020-2030 years (will be prepared in the spring of 2019 of the year). The project allocated - 1,5 trillion rubles. As for the first launch, it is scheduled for 2027 year and will be carried out from the Vostochny cosmodrome.

 

The main RK of the second stage of the Russian lunar program.

 

History of creation

 

The rocket got its name at the end of 2018 of the year, and before that it was referred to as the "RN STK", namely, the super heavy-class launch vehicle or the "Super-heavy launch vehicle".

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Roscosmos enterprises involved in the development of:

  • The lead developer of the super heavy rocket launcher and the lead developer of the rocket complex RN is the RSC Energia.
  • A co-performer on the development of a super-heavy carrier, as well as its missile complex, Progress RCC, together with RSC Energia.
  • The third stage developer is the Khrunichev Center.
  • The developer of the 1 kerosene engines of the RD-171MB stages is NPO Energomash.
  • Developer of 3 hydrogen engines are RD-0150 stages and 2 kerosene engines are RD-0124MS-KBXA stages.
  • Engine developer 2 steps RD-0124MS - Voronezh Mechanical Plant.
  • The developer of the telemetry system that monitors launch indicators is Russian Space Systems Holding.
  • Technological support of product development: creation of a project for assembling a central unit of a carrier for a plant, development of a directive production technology for a central unit, participation in the preparation of proposals for the main technologies used and in the analysis of future production cooperation - FGUP NPO Tekhnomash.
  • Ensuring control over the design of the LV - TsNIImash.
  • The developer of ground infrastructure is TsENKI together with RSC Energia.
  • The leading economic research institute of the rocket-comic industry of the Russian Federation is the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Agat.
  • Creation of specialized software for simulation of fire tests of engines - SIC RKP (Research and Testing Center of the rocket-comic industry).
  • Creation of control systems - NPO automatics them. Academician N.A. Semikhatov.
  • Test the problems of aerodynamics, heat, and the dynamics of the flight of the PH - TsAGI.

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Offices not related to Roskomos structure:

  • Development of a supercomputer (hybrid cluster computing system GKVS-25, having an overall performance in 85 teraflops) for the implementation of virtual simulation of engine firing tests - Russian Federal Nuclear Center.
  • Control over the quality, progress, and technical acceptance of the R & D results “Development of the draft design of a super-heavy class RK space - Military representation of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Chronology of development

Deadlines

Type of work

June 2017 years

Start of work on the creation of RD-171МВ

June 2017 years

Beginning of R & D-0150

October 2017 years

Preliminary estimate of the cost of work on the STK RN

January 2018 years

Presidential Decree on the establishment of the JCC

January 2019

Official name for RN STK

Spring 2019 of the year

Feasibility study of the AAC CRC project

2018-2019 years.

Sketch Design

2020-2028 years.

R & D, design and survey, construction and installation work

with 2028 years

Flight Test

 

Planned events

  • Spring 2019 of the year - it is necessary to prepare a feasibility study of the project of a super heavy class launch vehicle.
  • 2026 - 2026 of the Year - production and commissioning of infrastructure for super heavy rocket launchers and a middle class rocket designed for launching manned spacecraft from the Vostochny space center.

 

Design

 

The concept of developing an extra-heavy rocket implies that all its parts must be in flight, included in mass production and launch statistics.

 

1 stage: will include five or six blocks, each of them will consist of a stage Irtysh / Soyuz-1 (RD-5 MV engine).

2 stage: will include one block - the engine P-180 or RD-171MB.

3 level: will be borrowed from Angara-A5В.

Overclocking unit: two RD-0150 or two RD-0146.

 

Configuration options

 

The institutes Agat TsNIImash in 2017 offered the following options:

 

  • The development version of the STK launch vehicle is a well-developed modification of a PH weighing 1440 t and a payload 50 t on a NOU, for flying around the moon by the Federation spacecraft or by the lunar version of the Soyuz spacecraft in automatic mode. It is assumed that the launch will be carried out in 2027 year.
  • The STK launch vehicle of the first stage is a modification of an extra-heavy carrier weighing 2800 tone and 88 t payload to a low orbit for launches of a manned Federation transport spacecraft and other payloads to low moon orbits, including polar ones. It is assumed that the launch will take place in the 2028 year.
  • The STK carrier rocket of the second stage is a modification of an extra-heavy carrier weighing 2930 t and the last load 115 t on a low orbit. The estimated launch will take place in 2032-2035. In the first stage, a package of 6 first stages “Soyuz-5” will be used - five side and one central unit. Unlike the developmental version and the super-heavyweight of the first stage, the second stage will use an accelerating unit or an oxygen-hydrogen inter-orbit tug. In winter, 2018 of the year at a meeting on the development of a super-heavy class KBHA PH Gorokhov (Chief Designer) proposed a project based on oxygen-methane engines, designed for all stages of the carrier. The idea was supported by Deputy Prime Minister Rogozin, who during a working visit to Voronezh, ordered to examine more closely the possibilities for its creation.

Initial configuration options that existed before 2017

  • Energy-3D (super-heavy complex -3) is a lightweight version of the 70 tonnage on the NOU.
  • Energy-5В (super-heavy complex - 5) is the main variant with 100 tonnage to low orbit and 20,5 t (weight of the “lunar” version of the Federation spacecraft) to near-moon orbit. In addition, instead of the ship "Federation", lunar take-off and landing module can deliver to circumlunar orbit.
  • Energy-6 is a modification of the low-orbit 150 tonnage.

Flight Test

 

It is assumed that the flight tests of the PH of the convolution will take place in the 2 phase in the period from 2028 to 2035 year.

 

In 2028-2032, the first stage of the trial will be passed. It involves launching a lunar takeoff and landing complex, manned ships and other payloads to the lunar flyby and near-moon orbits in order to process the components of the manned complex, developing a station in the Moon’s orbit, and landing on its surface.

 

The 2032-2035 will pass the second stage of the test. This implies launches of LVPC and other unmanned payloads for the construction and operation of a base on the lunar surface. To this, this stage involves participation in international programs that are associated with the study of Mars.

The composition of the missile complex

 

The composition of the complex PH super heavy class consists of:

 

The composition of the carrier rocket STK:

  • RN super heavy class.
  • Interorbital tug.
  • Overclocking block ILV STK.
  • Assembly and protective blocks.

Infrastructure (area - 94,6 thous. Sq. M) for super-heavy RN and middle class rocket for manned spacecraft launches include:

 

  • Universal stand-start for super heavyweight and middle class PH.
  • Assembly and test case (118 meters in height).
  • Test room with a high-capacity bridge crane 100 t with hook lifting height 105 m.
  • The storage of blocks of rockets.
  • Training facilities.
  • Assembly and test hull of manned spacecraft.
  • Assembly and test body of spacecraft.
  • Ground control building RB RB RNA STK and MB.
  • The complex of measuring instruments, as well as data collection and processing (functionally).
  • Complex of automated preparation control systems / booster unit bunch.

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Start area

 

The launching table will be built at the Vostochny cosmodrome, adhering to the principles that were implemented by the Energia launch vehicle at Baikonur. It will be a universal stand-start complex, from which both the Soyuz-5 medium-class rocket launcher and missile blocks combined into a “package” will be launched, which will allow collecting rocket launchers of various payloads, including a super-heavy rocket.

 

Under the leadership of Roskosmos A. Lopatin 28, the executive director for ensuring the reliability and quality of January 2019, a reconnaissance commission arrived at the Vostochny cosmodrome to locate ground-based comic infrastructure of a super-heavy rocket complex, a transport and energy module for promising space programs and to assess the possibility of renewing launches light missiles "Start-1". Five groups of specialists from the representatives of the companies of the rocket and space industry have worked out the expected places for the construction of ground-based infrastructure, and also have determined the most suitable places, taking into account the locations of already existing facilities.

 

In the development of draft designs and the formation of the Federal Target Program "Creating a space rocket complex of the superheavy class on 2020-2030 years", formed by Roskosmos in strict accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia

 

On the XLIII Korolev readings on cosmonautics, which took place on 29 on January 2019, Roscosmos reported that the launch complex for Yenisei is going to be built in 22 km from Tsiolkovsky, which is located north-west of the existing Soyuz-2 launch complex .

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Using

 

The heavy-class rocket is planned to be used in the framework of the Russian lunar program, since the carrying capacity of the Angara-A5В (37,5 t on the DOE) LV will not be sufficient for such purposes. In addition, the creation of a manned Angara (a modification of the Angara-A5P) in the middle of 2017 was canceled in favor of creating a related project of a super-heavy rocket - the Irtysh / Soyuz-5 medium-class missile.

 

In the summer of 2017, RSC Energia created a scheme for the implementation of a manned expedition to the moon. It implies 2 launch of a super-heavy rocket and 1 launch of a Soyuz-5 rocket. The new project, like the last one (the four launches of the Angara), implied the assembly of a lunar expeditionary complex in low-Earth orbit. The assembly is expected for several months with the launch of rockets with an interval between launches in 1 month. In addition, the ship "Federation" in the moon modification with the crew will launch earlier on the ISS, where he will wait for the assembly of the lunar expeditionary complex. At the same time, the complex itself will include the Inter-Orbit tug, the Lunar takeoff and landing ship, the DM upper stage with additional blocks and the Federation ship.

rocket launch "Soyuz 5"

At the beginning of the fall of 2017, the head of Roscosmos I. Komarov told reporters that in addition to the moon, the program is going to use super-heavy carrier for deep-space research, including in joint programs with the United States, for example, Deep Space Gateway.

 

In November 2017, Deputy Prime Minister D. Rogozin told reporters that the super-heavy carrier will be used in the mission to the Moon, Jupiter and Mars.

 

In the spring of 2018, Igor Komarov told reporters that the super-heavy carrier will be used in a manned expedition to Mars.

 

In the autumn of 2018, D. Rogozin said in his Twitter account that the super-heavyweight would bring the modules of the lunar station not only to the satellite orbit, but also to the surface.

 

28 November 2018 of the Year Lev Zeleny (Scientific Director of the Space Research Institute), according to the results of the meeting of the RAS Council on Space and Roscosmos, where they considered the concept of lunar exploration, shared with the media that the main task of this extra-heavy rocket is to deliver astronauts to the Moon, but before that go through an intermediate stage - circling the moon.

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Start frequency

 

Performance KRK STK should not be less than two starts per year with one launcher. Moreover, the duration of joint preparation of the launch vehicle, inter-orbital tugboat and upper stage unit for launch should not exceed 500 hours with a single-shift 8 hour working day.

 

Areas of falling steps

 

At the stage of preliminary design of KRK STK for a track into orbit with an inclination of ~ 51,7 °, a method of locating RP for 1 PH stages in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk at a distance of at least 1370 kilometers from the starting point is considered. In addition, the draft design should assess the feasibility of using drop areas that were agreed upon during the RPOCH-Vostok ROC, including for the Soyuz-2 RNS (in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and on the coast of the Tatar Strait). But for all the variants of launching the payload (besides launching into closed orbits), the upper stages of the launch vehicle should fall into safe areas of the World Ocean in order to eliminate the likelihood of near-Earth space clogging.

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Project Feasibility Study

 

During the development of the sketch of the ASC CRS, a calculation should be made of the estimated cost of creating the ASC CRC and its products, including an assessment of the complexity of manufacturing the products of the complex, technological support, experimental development and production preparation. At the same time, the substantiation of technical and economic indicators of the development of USK and TK is prescribed in the prices of 2018 of the year and will correspond to GOST B 20.39.106-83. In the feasibility study at the stage of ES, the following technical and economic indicators should be determined and substantiated:

  • The cost of the process of construction of facilities, control devices, measurements, registration and other infrastructure, which ensures the implementation of launches from the cosmodrome, including the option of locating the production of such overall structural elements of the RV ILV STK and PH STK at the Vostochny cosmodrome.
  • The cost of development of USK and TK RKN, TK PH, TK RB RBN STK, TK MB, which are part of the universal technical complex.
  • The complexity of the maintenance of ILV on UKS, ILV and its components on the TC during operation.
  • The average annual price of operation of the USK and TK, taking into account the climatic zone in which the Vostochny space center is located.
  • The cost of installation, commissioning, as well as testing equipment for TC and USK.
  • Project costing TC and USK.
  • Comparative tactical and economic characteristics of the CRC STK compared to the created foreign complexes of the same type.

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Financing and development costs

 

In 2015, the cost of creating a super-heavy carrier with 70-80 tonnage was estimated at 600-700 billion rubles, and the version with fly-by of the moon on a manned transport ship - at 1 trillion (this is no landing).

 

24 March 2015 of the year Y. Koptev, head of the Scientific and Technical Council of Roskosmos, told reporters that the development of the 70-80 super-heavy rocket will cost 700 billion rubles.

 

29 November 2016 of the year A.Ivantsov, the first deputy head of Roskosmos, estimated the cost of developing a super-heavy carrier, as well as the infrastructure under it at the Vostochny cosmodrome at 1,5 trillion rubles.

 

17 July 2017, according to a source from the rocket and space industry, experts estimate the cost of creating a superheavy carrier and infrastructure for it at 1 trillion rubles, and the price for developing a super heavyweight class before the development of the first flight product was estimated at 700 billion rubles.

 

October 3 2017 V. Solntsev (head of RSC Energia) told reporters that a preliminary estimate of the cost of work on the development of a super heavy class RN was made, but did not say how much money was spent.

 

In December 2018, a source in the rocket and space industry told the media that Roskosmos was supposed to contribute to 15 in January, 2019, for approval by the federal authorities of a draft federal target program on 2020-2030 for the development of super-heavy LV. The federal program on super heavy rocket will become part of the state program, which is dedicated to the exploration of the moon. This applies to the development of the rocket, the production of a prototype and the conduct of an unmanned launch into the circled moon. Preliminary FTP is estimated at 1,5 trillion rubles. At the same time, the creation of a spacecraft or spacecraft, which will be launched and funded under another program. It is also envisaged to conduct a manned flyby of the moon on these dates, but this requires additional funding.

 

In January 2019, a source in the rocket and space industry told reporters that the Roskosmos leadership set the task of meeting the design and production of the first Enisei aircraft in 1 with trillion rubles or a little more. According to another source, the exact amount is not yet available, since the head financial institution Agat did not make calculations for the proposed basic, as well as additional options for the rocket layout.

&

Come on, do it on an 2 th stage of a 3000-ton rocket, use an RD-0124MS engine with a 30 thrust

Pitchfork on the water wrote ...

Environmental friendliness of this rocket - what hole in the ozone layer will burn every start? Wouldn’t the radiation level on the Earth make it comparable to that of the moon? Who-thread counted, take into account?

compare the data of the Yenisei with the already developed energy and it turns out that there is no significant difference. so what will the next billions go to?

Steal.

The whole point is that trillions will go into the cosmic vacuum. And if in terms of time, this is a classic ... "or the donkey dies, or the padishah dies."

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