Tu-154
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Tu 154

Tu-154. A photo. Video. Driving compartment. Characteristics. Reviews

 

The Tu-154 was developed in the sixties in the Soviet Union Design Bureau Tupolev.

Tu-154 - trimotored jet airliner, designed to carry medium-haul flights. It was developed design bureau to them. Tupolev in 60-ies as a replacement for the Tu-104.

 

History of creation

 

The development of new Soviet aircraft, which was to replace the obsolete An-10, 104-Tu and IL-18, Engaged in the chief designer Jager SM with 1963 years. Confronted with the task to design a passenger aircraft, which would in its technical characteristics is not inferior to the American "Boeing-727».

 

The first test machine has been manufactured in 1966 year and received board room of the USSR-85000. 3.10.1968, under the command of the commander of the board Y. Sukhov the first flight of the Tu-154 was committed. In 1969 was - presented at the air show in Le Bourget.

Tu-154 photo

1970 city - start of series production at the Kuibyshev Aviation Plant (KuAZ).

 

Since 1971 was worked in the service of mail delivery from Moscow to some of the number 85 the USSR cities (Sochi, Tbilisi, Simferopol).

 

Onboard accommodation Tu-154 and the Union, and Russia began with the number 85, for example, the USSR-85208, RA-85401. Transporting passengers of "Aeroflot" plane started to 1972 years. The first scheduled flight took 9.02.1972 city (Moscow - Mineralnye Vody), and the first international - 2.04.1972 (Moscow - Berlin).

 

For the first flights of aircraft showed the need for its modernization. After 2 years beyond the first modification of the Tu-154A with more powerful engines.

Tu-154 2 photo

As 1981 was released a new version of the Tu-154B with increasing weight with up to 94 98 tons, seating capacity, with the change in wing design and structure of the equipment. Almost all of the first series have been modified by this modification.

 

1984 - beginning of serial production of Tu-154M (originally Tu-164). They installed more efficient engines developed by Design Bureau named. Solovyov. Maximum take-off weight of the aircraft - 100-104 tons.

 

In freight aircraft 9 altered (originally called Tu-154T, and then Tu-154S).

5 rebuilt aircraft flying under the lab and were used in the "Buran" space rocket testing programs. They marked Tu-154LL.

 

Two vehicle converted for the program "Open Skies", which aims - to monitor military operations of NATO and the CIS countries. In 1997 one Tu-154M-OH crashed in Germany.

On the basis of Tu-154 developed the first aircraft in the world, consuming liquefied petroleum gas as fuel.

 

It should be noted that the modification of the Tu-154 - most mass production aircraft 80-ies in the USSR. They made flights throughout the Union and in more than 80 cities in the world. In addition, "Aeroflot" plane was in the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union aircraft.

 


 

For the first time flew 3.10.1968 In mass production entered the city and the 1970 1998 was produced until, with modernized several times. It has been some years in such demand that they are going to 5 aircraft units per month. Since 1998 city and up to 2013, the production moved to the plant "Aviacor" (Samara), but is much weaker. And in February 2013, after release from the conveyor 998-ch Tu-154, closed its production. This airliner rightly bears the title of the main jet passenger aircraft Russian medium-range routes.

Tu-154 served as a replacement for the Tu-104. More stringent requirements were imposed on the aircraft compared to previous models. These requirements were mainly related to takeoff and landing performance and flight safety.

Aircraft design work began in 1963. Its predecessor Tu-104 was taken as the basis. But unlike him, three engines were installed on this aircraft. All engines are located in the tail section. Also, for the first time on a Soviet passenger aircraft, a backup system for the main command and control systems was installed. This increased flight safety. Also, the aircraft began to use reverse engines, which improved its landing characteristics.

 

Tu-154 photo

Tu 154 2

 

The Tu-154 compared with Tu-104 has been improved comfort of the passenger compartment. system was installed automatic regulation of air pressure.

At the very beginning of the design of Tu-154, a cargo version of the aircraft was planned for the project, designed to transport 25 tons of cargo for a distance of up to 2700 kilometers. In 1968, the first experimental machines were built. The test flight took place 3 October 1986 year. During the tests, the aircraft was gradually upgraded and brought to the operational level. In 1969, the aircraft was shown at the international air show in Le Bourget. After all the modifications, as well as the passage of all flight and ground tests, the aircraft entered production. The first serial aircraft, with the installed NK8-2 engines, entered Aeroflot at the end of 1970. At first the plane was used for transportation of mail correspondence. During these flights it was established that the aircraft required refinement in terms of improving the reliability of the structures of certain units. The first flight with passengers was made by an airliner in February 1972.

 

Salon Tu-154 photo salon

 

Later, an improved version of the Tu-154A was released. Improvements touched propulsion and aerodynamics of the aircraft wing. Tu-1975B - In 154 the following year an upgraded version was produced. This modification had additional fuel tank and additional emergency exits in the rear of the aircraft. The modification of the Tu-154B-1 169 allowed to hold up to a certain class of passengers. A version of the Tu-154B-in 2 180 odnoklassovoy equipment possessed passenger seats. To date, almost all aircraft modifications decommissioned.

The following modernization of the aircraft is designated Tu-154M. This upgraded version of the Tu-154B-2. This aircraft has jet engines D-30KU. It has also improved the aerodynamics of the aircraft and avionics. These innovations have improved fuel efficiency and, accordingly, increase the flight range. Version of the Tu-154M 100-equipped avionics company "Litton", GPS navigation system, new cabin interiors.

 

Production and operation

 

Since 1970 and 1998 of all units were produced 918 154-Tu, including:

  • 604 Tu-154, 9 inclusive with cargo Tu-154S, reworked at the end of 80-ies;

  • 313 Tu-154M.

 

He is rightly called the most common passenger airplane in the Soviet Union. Tu-150 154 were sent for export.

 

Since the first successful flight, made in 1972 year, and up to our time has passed more than 40 years. The airplane's equipment is technically obsolete, and since the middle of the 2000-ies, it is being written off from flights. On such a step the airlines had to go not so much because of the development of resources or the lack of quality of comfort in the plane, but from the calculation of the cost of the flight. Compared with its western counterparts, the engine of the Tu-154 airliner consumes fuel at 2 times more with the same power figures. This can be explained by the fact that the design of the aircraft on the fast ice 60-ies, when the price of fuel was not the determining factor, and therefore fuel consumption in at least was taken into account.

Tu-154 photo Engine

However, even at the end of the Tu-2008 154 took up half the fleet of passenger aircraft Russian airlines. But the global financial crisis, which has plunged many countries at the end of 2008 - 2009 early years, made "old-timer" to leave their positions quickly.

 

One after the other, taking into account the future financial losses from the operation of Tu-154 began to abandon Russian airlines:

  • 17.10.2008 - completely withdrawn from service the entire fleet of Tu-154 company «S7» - the largest Russian domestic carrier;

  • 2009 of - the rejection of exploitation of STC "Russia" and "Aeroflot" Tu-154 companies. In the last Tu-154 performed regular flights over 38 years.

Tu-154 photo book

At the beginning of the XXI century elements airliners obsolete, so it replaced by more advanced counterparts, "Boeing-737» and Airbus A320. Tu-154 was forbidden to perform flights in the EU due to exceeding limits on noise levels. Passes only aircraft equipped with special noise absorbing panels. Completely banned fly Tu-154 (except for TU-154M) over the air space of the EU in the year 2006. At the moment, these airliners operate regularly only in the CIS countries.

 

Airline "Aeroflot" STC "Russia" and "Siberia" abandoned the operation in Tu-154 2008-2009 years.

 

16.10.2011 city - the last flight of the airliner with the support of "Ural airlines". This company exploited the most "elderly" passenger Tu-154 in Russia, released back in the city of 1977 But if we take the world scale, according to the 2012, in North Korea (airline AirKoryo) on scheduled flights was still standing car model year 1976 Skid P-552 number.

 

At the end of 2010 in the territory of the Russian Federation more than 100 Tu-154 different versions are in full operation. In June of the year 2013 the owner of the largest fleet of Tu-154 in Russia becomes the airline UTair (23 liner).

 

Outside of Russia most of all Tu-154 machines in Kazakhstan - 12 pieces.

 

At the beginning of the year 2011 154 Tu-made aircraft flying to Tajikistan (5 liners), Belarus (5), Uzbekistan (3), Azerbaijan (3), Kyrgyzstan (3), China (3), North Korea (2).

 

Tu-154 vip

Tu-154 VIP

 

20.02.2010, the ban was imposed on the operation of Tu-154 state of Iran.

 

One aircraft remains at the disposal of the Governments of the Czech Republic, Poland, Bulgaria and Slovakia.

 

According to statistics from the fate of the remaining copies of the Tu-154 as follows:

  • 73 - destroyed as a result of serious accidents and catastrophes;

  • 187 - sent for scrap;

  • 89 - it planned to cut into scrap metal;

  • 24 - museum exhibits, including 1 - a museum-restaurant;

  • 283 - owned airlines, including more than 100 - full airworthiness.

 

By June, the Tu-2013 154 regular flights to Russia the following airlines:

  • Utair - 23 liner. It is planned before the end of 2014 completely replace the entire fleet of Tu-154 321 on the Airbus;

  • «Yakutia» - 4 aircraft;

  • «ALROSA» - 7 aircraft. For the future it is planned their complete replacement by Boeing-737;

  • "Space» - 4 airliner;

  • "Gazpromavia» - 2 flying ship;

  • "Tatarstan» - 2 liner, plan to buy a third. Operated on the substitution of other boards.

 

Tu-154 cockpitTu-154 3 cockpitTu-154 2 cockpit

 

As of the beginning of 2014, only 80 Tu-154 airliners are ready to work in the world. Nevertheless, this aircraft will remain in history for a long time as one of the most mass production domestic airliners. The reason for the refusal of many airlines operating from the Tu-154 became not only its outdated equipment and high fuel consumption, but also to numerous accidents and disasters with his participation (although investigations often set the cause of crashes in the human factor). According to forecasts of civil aviation experts already in 2015, Tu-154 will be completely written off from the account of airlines and replaced with more modern cars.

 

However, it is possible to operate these aircraft by various government agencies (Ministry of Internal Affairs, FSB, MO).

 

Last Tu-154 19.02.2013 was released at the plant "Aviacor" (former KuAZ) in Samara and received serial number 998.

 

 

Salon layout Tu-154

Tu 154 scheme

 

The shortest flight to 388 kilometers Tu-154 made on flight Baku-Aktau. And the longest flight equal 4869 km - flight from Moscow to Yakutsk.

The aircraft was manufactured more than twenty years of 1970 years 1998 year. Total for this period were made 1025 machines of different modifications. Today in the flight manual is a little less than one hundred cars.

 

Features of the Tu-154:

  • Years: 1970-1998 years

  • Empty weight: 50780 kg

  • Length: 47,9 m.

  • Height: 11,4 m.

  • Wingspan: 37,55 m.

  • Wing area: 201,45 mXNUMX

  • The width of the fuselage: 3,8 m

  • Cruising speed: km / h.

  • Max speed: km / h

  • Flight range: 2500 - 3600 km.

  • Ceiling: 12200 m

  • Length of takeoff: 2300 m.

  • path length: 2030 m.

  • Number of seats: 160 places.

  • Crew: 4 person

 

Tu-154. Gallery.

Tu-154 1 photoTu-154 2 photoTu-154 3 photo

Tu-154 4 photoTu-154 5 photoTu-154 6 photo

Tu-154 7 photoTu-154 9 photo

Tu-154 10 photoTu-154 11 photoTu-154 12 photo

 

Tu-154. Video.

View all planes ...

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This aircraft will outperform hundreds of other aircraft, currently in operation! Bravo Designers of these air fighters! Bravo Tu-154 !!!

The crash of the Tu-154, the assassination of the ambassador to Turkey, the downed MiG-34, killed by England, Nemtsov, who died in an airplane explosion in Egypt, I consider the motives of these terrorist attacks, coups d'etat: intimidation, seizure of the largest transport routes, the Bosphorus Strait and the Suez Canal, weakening of adjacent countries and destruction their population, lead to a dying and crumbling, vile England, organized the assassination of our Tsar, their Princess, initiators of more than one Turkish war, to weaken and seize the largest transport route of the Bosphorus, by analogy with the seizure of Arab land by a transport alternative to the Suez Canal - Israel, organized coup d'etat of the Russian Federation with the "Belolentochny Movement" through the NGO "REC", 11.01.16 (curator) Satanovsky Vesti F.M. with the party "Green" Grishina E. extradited an accomplice of the Minister of Ecology of the Ministry of Defense Kogan A.B., the courts of the Russian Federation determined actions under his leadership illegal 5 episodes: 12-291 / 14, 12-58 / 15, 12-230 / 14, 12- 57/15, 2-228 / 16, respectively, are already traitors to Russia, this is where NGOs "feed". And also introduced into the Istra Administration by V.V. he signs 2000 refusals per quarter, the arbitration courts under him determined that inaction was illegal: А41-37704 / 14, А41-45434-15, А41-16580 / 16, embedded saboteurs, traitors to Russia, these acts are not being fully executed to this day. Moscow Region refuses from 1 rubles.

Sergey Zhakov, political scientist, international expert, former cadre senior officer of the Service of illegal intelligence of the PGU KGB of the USSR and the SVR of Russia

The explosion of the A-321 aircraft with Russian tourists over the Egyptian Sinai was most likely an economic diversion and punitive operation that Putin's special services conducted under the "alien flag" (supposedly Islamic militants) to take revenge on Egypt for the purchase of French "Mistrals" that were not given to Putin , And to force the Russian middle class to go to rest in the Crimea annexed by Russia.
In the field of terrorism and special services, everything is always extremely shaky and is covered in gloom. Almost never is it possible to find direct evidence against the customer. Rare evidence is clearly against the developer, coordinator and organizer. More often - against the performer. And then, in the case when he himself is interested, for ideological and ideological reasons, in giving the greatest exposure to his involvement. Or when customers and organizers try to let the investigation and public opinion on a false track.

About England killed Nemtsov - a gesture! You do or you Kiselev said so in shizdome enjoying yourself?

kashmar what is happening in the country with the aircraft that 154

I do not understand why they are in-principle still fly. Particularly struck by the information that now flies 268 aircraft, of which about 100 full of flight readiness. That's why afraid to fly charters. Gets such a plane. Of course, the fate, the fate. It is one thing to talk about it while sitting, for example, at home on the computer. It's quite another - to fly to the unreliability of the plane.

And who told you that they are not reliable? Take, for example, the case of an airplane landing on a small aerodromchik in Izhme. Do you, as with our car industry: some scumbag launched a duck about, allegedly bad cars in RUSSIA, and the rest, not knowing and not understanding the issue, picked up like parrots ... Every car created in the USSR was created for some then specific goals. And summarize - just stupid!
For example, take GAZELLE. Very cool minibus. Much more convenient and more comfortable than foreign ones: Fords, Peugeots, Fiats ... And those blue incomprehensible "poop" that now go around Moscow ...))))) Ha ha ha! ))) HORROR IS SIMPLE !!! ))) A GAZELKA soft, comfortable - SUPER! And our buses? The coolest and most advanced LIAZA buses! And now??? It's not clear - if it's a bus, it's a trolleybus, but maybe it's a roofing ...
All that concerns our developments in engineering, aviation, automobile industry, etc., I consider HARMFUL !!! If our tails are developed and put in more advanced engines (with less fuel consumption and less noisy), Americans will sit on the ass with their units. And if our TU and fell, then I believe that this was meanly provoked by the US government. In one word - THIS IS THE TERRORIST! I hope you will reconsider your views on our MOTHERLAND, OUR RUSSIA! And most importantly - to our people, who create such masterpieces !!! Thank. Sincerely, Dmitry.

I have flown 42 hours in 22500 years. Of these, 16500 were on the Tu-154B-2, Tu-154. Of the 5 types of aircraft on which I had a chance to fly, there was no better than the Tu-154. I had a chance to work on ARZ-411 (a repair plant for Tu-154) in as a second test pilot, and since 1987, as a lead test pilot. I flew 2500 hours at the plant in 23 years. I declare: "Tu-154 has not killed one person in 40 years of operation. In all accidents that happened to the aircraft, the crews were to blame. This aircraft has only one drawback - it has increased fuel consumption. There are new engines with lower fuel consumption. They are systematically destroying the aviation industry, not without the help of competitors from America and Europe.

How I loved Tu 154 and still I do not cease to love this plane.

Victoria, and what in this plane is terrible? Believe me, it will not hit you for long flights. You correctly noticed: it's easy to talk sitting at home at the computer. But believe me, the plane-b-154 2 9 years I have given (including 3000 flight hours) and I can tell you with complete confidence that he did no worse than the current "foreign young people." Sincerely, FAC B-777-300ER, and last Tu-154-2 b, Dmitry Petrov.

I LOVE this handsome.

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