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ZRK C-300BM "Antey-2500"

ZRK C-300BM "Antey-2500"

 

Over the past few decades, the C-300V system has been the main domestic long-range anti-aircraft missile system in service with air defense. This air defense system entered service in the middle of the 80-ies, and since that time has passed several upgrades. By replacing many important components, several modifications were developed with more advanced features. Thus, the most well-known updated version of the C-300В system is the Antey-300 C-2500ВМ RZK.

 

Why is the Antey-2500 considered the world's best anti-aircraft missile system?

 

The “smart” system rocket finds an enemy rocket at hypersonic speed, while it calculates and destroys its warhead. At present, the American Patriot PAC-2500 is the only analogue of the Antea-3, but the latter has more modest combat capabilities.

 

Thanks to its high mobility, the system becomes inaccessible for retaliation. Having learned all the qualities of the system, you will understand why it causes such a high interest in the world. Currently, many countries are negotiating with the concern Almaz-Antey on the supply of Antey-2500.

Antey-2500

But at the same time, the creators of the Antey-2500 complex claim that its combat capabilities have not yet been fully disclosed. However, right now, without any doubt, this system can be called, combining the tasks of PON and air defense as the best in the world.

 

History of creation

 

Almost immediately after the completion of work on the C-300В project, they began to develop a new system of similar purpose, which received the designation C-300ВМ “Antey-2500”. The main goal of the new project is to change the composition of different equipment of the complex with further growth of the main indicators. Using the modernization potential, the creators of the project planned to increase the maximum range of destruction of the air target, improve the noise immunity of electronic systems and improve other indicators that are directly related to the overall combat effectiveness.

 

As a result, a new air defense system for air defense, which now goes to the domestic and foreign markets. The Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern, which specializes in the development and production of such equipment, has already been actively engaged in the execution of orders, and it is possible that new contracts will appear in the future. Thus, the deep modernization of the original C-300 complex involved some customers who signed contracts for their supply.

 

The S-300BM SAM system is a further development of the created system. At the same time, he retained the main features of the predecessor. For example, the composition of the complex has not undergone any changes. C-300В and "Antey-2500" consist of two self-propelled crawler-mounted vehicles equipped with an optional accessory kit. The presence of a unified chassis made it possible to facilitate all SAM systems with similar mobility characteristics, including over rough terrain. Moreover, such unification greatly facilitates the operation and production of serial equipment.

Antey-2500

The structure of the C-300VM includes radar Omnidirection 9S15M "Review-3", the command post 9S457M, multichannel missile guidance station 9S32M, program review radar 9S19M2 "Ginger" and launchers 9A82M and 9M83M. Moreover, for the maintenance of the latter, the start-charging installations 9А84 and 9А85 are used. The 9М82М and 9М83М missiles are used. In addition, various auxiliary equipment and the like are used with this technique.

The command point 9С457М, consisting of seven people, is responsible for the processing of information from the radar stations and the transfer of target designation to the launch sensors and other means of the complex during combat operations. Command post automation processes the incoming information and manages the rest of the complex’s assets. In the air defense mode, during which the enemy’s aerodynamic targets are intercepted, the command post can provide target indication to the 4 SAMs with six target channels for each. At the same time, up to seventy trails of targets are maintained. Information about the air situation is sent to the command post from all radar stations that are part of the complex.

In the fight against ballistic missiles, 9C475М works on other algorithms due to the specifics of intercepting such targets. For example, in the anti-missile mode, the 9C475M equipment has less working time. Thus, the average value of this indicator does not exceed 3 seconds. In this case, the issuance of target designation takes place at a distance of 80-90 km to a ballistic target.

ZRK C-300BM "Antey-2500"

The main means of detecting ballistic and aerodynamic targets as part of the C-300В and С-300ВМ РЗК is a circular radar 9С15М “Obzor-3”. On the base of the self-propelled chassis of such a machine equipped with a set of special equipment, including An antenna made in the form of a wave grid of the same name with mechanical drives of rotation around the axis and a waveguide grid with electron scanning in elevation. Coregent-pulse radar, used as part of the machine operates in the centimeter range. 2 provides for basic modes of operation to identify the enemy’s various air targets.

The first mode is responsible for tracking the sector of the elevation plane with a width of 45 degrees. The instrumental detection range is up to 330 kilometers. An overview of the surrounding space by rotating the antenna - 12 with. In this mode, the station can detect a fighter-type target for a distance of 240 km with a probability of 0,5.

 

The second mode involves other algorithms for tracking the surrounding space. In this mode, the station tracks the sector width 20 degrees in elevation with the pace of the review 6 with. In this case, the instrumental detection range is reduced to 150 km. Also, the second mode has a program for missile defense. In this case, in the sector of the proposed location of the enemy’s rocket with a width of 120 degrees, the antenna’s rotational speed decreases, while the elevated viewing sector becomes larger and reaches 55 degrees. In a situation with ballistic missiles 8K14, this mode of operation allows you to track targets at distances of at least 110-115 km.

ZRK C-300BM "Antey-2500" -1

Another target detection tool included in the C-300 VM complex is the Ginger 9C19M2 "Ginger" program review radar. The main element of this component is coherent-pulse radar of the centimeter range with electronic scanning in planes.

 

Thanks to the latter feature, the system can monitor not just the situation, but also carry out the radiation of a certain sector in a timely manner, having received such a task from the command post. All this allows you to tie tags in the tracks, as well as accompany high-speed ballistic or aerodynamic targets.

 

According to the data, 9C19М2 has 3 basic review mode. Due to the different operating parameters, modes can provide search and detection of targets of various types and classes. Depending on the air situation, the station can operate in the detection mode of aerodynamic targets and have a viewing range of up to 175 kilometers, in the detection mode of aeroballistic missiles (range to 175 kilometers) or in the detection mode and tracking of ballistic missiles with the same range indicators. The speed of updating information about the air situation in a particular sector depends on various indicators (primarily, on its jamming situation and size). Typically, this figure varies within 0,3 - 16 with.

 

The last means of detection of the Antey-2500 air defense system, made in the form of a separate machine, is the 9C32M missile guidance station. The main task of this system is the search, detection and tracking of ballistic and aerodynamic rockets in the automatic mode, determining their coordinates and transmitting data to the rest of the complex’s facilities and firing equipment control. In this case, the performance of all functions depends on various factors. For example, the detection and tracking of ballistic missiles can be carried out only with prior receipt of a target indication from a command post.

ZRK C-300BM "Antey-2500" start

Using its own radar, the missile guidance station can accompany up to twelve targets simultaneously and control the operation of all launch-charging and launchers of the complex. This mode allows simultaneous launch of up to twelve guided missiles against 6 targets. To search for air targets and fire control, a three-coordinate pulse-coherent radar with a centimeter range is used. The station operates only in two modes: independently or as part of the structure of the complex. The maximum detection range for ballistic and aerodynamic targets is 140-150 kilometers. In this case, aeroballistic missiles can be detected at a distance of about 80 kilometers.

 

The 9A83M and 9A82M launchers are responsible for transportation, pre-launch preparation and launch. At the same time on the crawler chassis of such machines is installed a lifting device having a mount for launch missile containers. It is worth noting that the 9А83М can transport the 4 container with the 9М83М missiles, while on the 9А82М there is only the 2 fixing kit for the 9М82М missiles. In addition, the launchers are equipped with its own radar station illumination airborne targets.

The radar illumination of the target machine 9А83М is located on a lifting mast, which is installed in front of the chassis. When traveling, it is laid backward, and in preparation for hostilities it rises to the working position. In the stowed position, the containers with the missiles are lowered onto the roof of the chassis. The launcher equipment allows pre-launch missile training for about 10-15 seconds. In addition, there is the possibility of firing volleys at two missiles with an interval of no more than a few seconds.

 

After the launch of the rocket, the automatic launcher operates in the mode of transmission of radio correction commands. In addition, the target illumination mode is provided.

ZRK C-300BM "Antey-2500" -3

The main differences between the 9А82М and 9А83М launchers consist in the design of the missile defense systems for the missile defense systems and the mechanism for their ascent to the initial position and in the radar antenna structure of the backlight. Thus, in the case of the 9А83М, the latter is located on a lifting mast, and similar 9А82М units are mounted on the chassis roof and do not lift high.

 

Together with the launchers, the 9А85 and 9А84 starting and charging machines work as part of the anti-aircraft connection. They are used to transport and load launchers from containers with missiles such as 9М83М and 9М82М respectively.

On the overall architecture, the starting and charging installations resemble the starting ones, but they differ in the composition of the equipment. For example, on-site radar illumination on them are cranes for reloading missiles. By using a kilogram crane in 6350 kilograms, the calculation of the 9A85 start-charging installation is able to load full ammunition on the 9A83М, having spent 50-60 minutes.

 

If necessary, the 9-85 and 9-84 machines can perform launcher tasks. In this case, they raise the missiles in a vertical position and carry out a launch with external target designation. Compared with full-fledged launchers, launch-charging units cannot operate in standalone mode and require the availability of the rest of the anti-aircraft complex, which provides guidance of the missiles at the target.

 

The Antey-300 C-2500BM complex includes 2 anti-aircraft missiles of the 9М83М and 9М82М types. They are built on the basis of technical solutions and general ideas, but differ in weight and dimensions. The difference in weight and size is primarily due to the design of the first stages of 2 rockets. As a result, the 9М82М rocket with a higher flight range is heavier and larger than the 9М83М.

ZRK C-300BM "Antey-2500" -4

The 9М83М and 9М82М rockets are built according to a two-stage scheme and have an aerodynamic "bearing cone" scheme and are equipped with solid-fuel engines. The tail part of the missiles is the first stage acceleration, the main task of which is to bring the missiles to a certain height with a given speed. In addition, immediately after leaving the TPC, a pulsed gas engine of the first stage causes the rocket to lean toward the target. The first stage is reset immediately after the charge of the solid-fuel engine. The march (second) stage ensures the delivery of the warhead to the air target and is equipped with control equipment.

The radio-fuse and self-homing equipment is located in the head of the second stage of both missiles. In the center of the second stage are high-explosive fragmentation warhead (150 kg weight) and a solid fuel engine. In the tail stage is part of the special equipment. There are also 4 aerodynamic steering.

 

The length of 9М82М is 9,9 meters, and 9М83М is 7,9 meters. The maximum diameter of the missiles - 1215 and 915, respectively. Starting weight - 5800 kg and 3500 kg. Features of the use of missiles associated with maximum unification, have no differences. Thus, a flight program is introduced into the homing system before the start, in which the meeting point with the target is indicated. Then start is performed, for which the powder pressure accumulator is responsible. Leaving TPK, the rocket starts the engine of the first stage, then picks up the initial speed and turns in the direction of the target. After the first stage fuel has been developed, it will be reset and the second stage main engine will start. The launch of the second stage engine to increase the flight range may be delayed up to 20 seconds after a reset.

ZRK C-300BM "Antey-2500" -45

As for the guidance of missiles, it is carried out by onboard equipment in accuracy with the entered flight program. In addition, the automation of ground-based means of the air defense missile system tracks the movement of targets and missiles, and also automatically generates commands and transmits them to the latter. In addition, other missile guidance algorithms on the target are used, which are used in different situations.

 

The 9М83М rocket during the flight can reach speeds of up to 1700 meters per second. For the 9М82М rocket, this indicator is different - 2600 meters per second. The design of the missiles allows for maneuvers with overload up to 30 units. 

The manufacturer claims that the target can be hit at altitudes up to 30 km and a distance to 200 km. When operating in the missile defense mode, it is possible to intercept ballistic targets, which can reach speeds up to 4,5 kilometers per second, which corresponds to missile combat units with a range of up to 2,5 kilometers.

Since the end of the 90-x S-300BM "Antey-2500" SAM regularly appear at various exhibitions of military equipment and weapons in the form of full-fledged combat vehicles, and in the form of layouts. Such a system constantly attracts the attention of experts and the general public, and all this, thanks to high efficiency and combat characteristics. In many cases, interest in the C-300Вm complex has caused the appearance of contacts for the production of such equipment.

 

In the spring of 2013, domestic media reported on the first shipments of the C-300ВМ complex to a foreign market. The first foreign buyer was Venezuela. But the information was submitted after all the ordered cars were delivered to a South American country. The machines are part of the 2 anti-aircraft divisions. In the near future, all the work on the preparation of this equipment for operation was completed and by the end of 2013, these divisions were commissioned.

About the new contact for the supply of complexes "Antey-2500" became known in 2015 year. This time, Egypt served as the customer. According to the data, by the end of the next year, before the end of the next year, the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern had to supply and transfer the regimental set of the new complex to the Egyptian armed forces. So, Egypt should receive a regimental command post and three divisions. It was reported that the total value of such a contract exceeded 1 billion, and the first deliveries were made: back in 2014, part of the auxiliary equipment was sent to the customer.

 

The next customer of the C-300 VM complexes could be Iran. Back in 2007, Iran ordered several S-300PMU-1 SAM systems from the Russian Federation, the total value of which exceeded 800 $ million. When fulfilling the order, the UN Security Council imposed sanctions on Iran, as a result of which the Russian Federation refused the job offer and returned it to the customer. The next few years, Iran and Russia, but the construction of anti-aircraft complexes was not resumed.

 

In February of this year, Rostec Corporation shared its plans to sell Iran the Antey-2500 complexes, instead of C-300PMU-1, which were discontinued. But Tehran rejected this proposal, as a result of which negotiations on the future of a rather old contact continue to this day.

Currently, the Antey-300 C-2500М air defense system is one of the last and most sophisticated members of the C-300В family. But be that as it may, representatives of the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern do not stop the development of this technology, thanks to him, new complexes appeared, which were sent into service for the army air defense.

 

 

 

The main characteristics of the C-300BM "Antey-2500"

 

Range of damage (for C-300ВМ):

  • Aerodynamic objectives: 200 (250) km
  • Ballistic targets to 40 km

Damage height:

  • Aerodynamic objectives: 25 m - 30 km
  • Ballistic targets: 1-30 km
  • Maximum speed of a ballistic target: 4500 m / s
  • The maximum acceleration of the target maneuver (when hit by a 9М82М rocket): 30 g
  • Minimum effective target reflective surface: 0,02 m², for C-300B 0,05 m².
  • Maximum launch range of a ballistic missile to capture: 2500 km

The number of simultaneously accompanied goals:

  • Aerodynamic objectives: 24
  • Ballistic targets to 16
  • Fire rate (from one launcher / from various PU): 1,5 / 0 with
  • Number of missiles simultaneously aimed at 1 target: up to 4
  • Deployment Time: 5 minutes
  • Time to prepare the rocket for launch: 7,5 with

The probability of hitting the target when using one missile defense (for C-300В)

  • BR type "Lance" one ZUR 9М83: 0,5-0,65
  • Aircraft One Zur 9М83: 0,7-0,9
  • the head of the "Pershing" rocket of one 9М82: 0,4-0,6
  • SRAM missiles of one of the 9М82: 0,5-0,7

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