LAW "Hurricane": photo, specifications, video
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LAW "Hurricane": photo, specifications, video

LAW "Hurricane": photo, specifications, video

M-22 "Hurricane" (GRAU index - 3С90, export version - "Calm", according to NATO classification - SA-N-7 Gadfly) - sea version of the Buk anti-aircraft missile system. This is a medium-range rocket ship complex. It is not equipped with its own target detection radar, but receives information from the ship-wide three-coordinate radar target designation and detection.

 

History of creation

 

The creation of the M-22 "Uragan" air defense missile system was started by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU of January 13, 1972. She was intended to enter service in the Navy. These complexes were unified for missiles. The Uragan shipborne universal multi-channel medium-range complex was created at NPO Altair, the post of chief designer was held by G.N. Volgin.

 

The air defense system entered service in the 1983 year, along with the 9М38 SAM. M-22 "Hurricane" ensured the stable operation of the system at any time of the day, under different meteorological conditions and with a sea of ​​up to five points. Launcher deck induced, easel type with lower illumination of the rocket and one launch beam, created in KB "Start". AI worked on its development. Yaskin, the incumbent chief designer.

 

Later, the complex was upgraded and received another name for the “Yozh” air defense system (exported under the old name “Calm”, GRAU index - 3С90, according to NATO classification - SA-N-7B Grizzly or SA-N-12 Grizzly). The new complex entered the use of missiles 9M317.

SAM model "Shtil"

In 1997, they made contact with India for the supply of 3 frigates of the 1135,6 project, equipped with the Shtil air defense system. But later it was decided to modify the project to the level of the Stil “X-NUMX” air defense system with more advanced missiles. According to Jane's, the expert Shtil SAM system was designated as the SA-N-1C 'Gollum' (with the anti-aircraft guided missile 7М9Э), but this is more suitable for the new Shtil-317 SAM.

 

SAM 9M38

 

The Uragan air defense system uses a universal missile for the Navy and ground forces 9М38, which was developed at the Sverdlovsk machine-building design bureau Novator. The chief designer LV was responsible for the development. Lyuleva. SAM 9M38 in the Army is part of the missile system "Buk".

 

Missiles can maneuver with overload 20 g. The maximum flight speed indicator is 1200 meters per second. 9М38 rockets and its modifications are single-stage with a two-stage solid-fuel engine.

 

The rocket is equipped with a semi-active homing head, an active radio fuse, an autopilot, a dual-mode solid propellant engine, a fragmentation warhead, as well as gas drives (powered by hot gas) and a turbo-generator. Before the launch of the missile defense systems by the launch-charging or self-propelled fire systems, a flight mission is formed. To expand the affected area and use the maximum capabilities of the rocket, additional information transmitted through the line of radio correction to the rocket will be applied. For reception of signals of flight radio correction in PER there is a special channel for receiving / processing the received information.

SAM 9M38

A missile is aimed at an airborne target according to the method of proportional navigation on the signals of a semi-active radar homing head, which incorporates an onboard computer. For each target at the same time can be up to three missiles.

 

Destruction of the target is carried out by combat units, which include a high-explosive fragmentation warhead, an active-impulse radio fuse and a contact sensor system. The radius of the affected area is 17 meters. Contact undermining of the warhead is used during the shooting at surface targets.

 

The missile defense system is delivered to the fleet in a special fiberglass transport container, which is absolutely ready for combat operation without on-board equipment checks, and also does not need any routine maintenance for an extended service life in all climatic zones.

 

We give the technical characteristics of missiles

  • Warhead weight - 70 kg.
  • Length - 5550 mm,
  • Missile weight - 690 kg.

 

Launcher MC-196

 

Deck-induced launcher MC-196 (3С-90 on the MO index) of the easel type has a lower rocket suspension and one launch beam. A drum-type storage device with 2 concentric rows of vertically arranged guides that are designed to fix 24 rockets. Missile speed from one launcher - 12 with. The weight of PU without missiles is 30 tons. The depth of the cellar - 7,42 m, area - 5,2х5,2. Missile velocity is 12 with.

MS-196 launcher without missile

The MS-196 launcher was designed by Start, design bureau, and the chief designer responsible for the project, A.I. Yaskin.

 

Management system

 

It is worth noting that the shipboard Uragan air defense missile system does not have its own radar detection station, since, in the designers' opinion, the creation of a detection system that duplicates the main shipborne general station can lead to large weight and size characteristics of the complex and significant labor costs. Therefore, the data "Hurricane" receives from the general-purpose three-coordinate radar detection and targeting.

 

The composition of the control system of the complex includes data display and fire control devices, a target illumination system, a digital computing complex, and a television sighting system. Radioprojectors of the illumination system are located on the ship's superstructures so that they can be used simultaneously in different directions.

The ship's control system 3R-90 operated from the Fregat-M (MP-700) general detection radar installed on the mainsail. The coordinates of the detected air targets were sent to the central post at the OI-5Ts air information multiplier device. Searchlights for radar illumination of air targets, 2 target extrapolators, a target distribution device, televisions, a fire control device and others - this is a rather complex chain of transmission of primary radar data to the rocket. Theoretically, the control station can provide tracking of 24 aerial targets and 19 shelling (if the ship has an appropriate number of illumination searchlights and teleoptical visors), but in practice such figures were 12 and 6, respectively.

 

On the readiness of the complex from the cold state takes no more than 3 minutes. During combat, the complex can operate with centralized control from general ship control systems of air defense or in autonomous mode.

 

The “Uragan” air defense missile system ensures reliable operation in any meteorological conditions, at any time of the day and when the sea is agitated up to five balls.

 

Test

 

In the period 1974 to 1976. dimensional anti-submarine ship pr. 61 "Agile" converted into pr.61-E for testing the "Uragan" air defense missile system with the "Fregat" radar. The Volna air defense system was removed from the ship, and instead of the feed, a prototype of the multi-channel Uragan air defense missile system was placed. In the future, it was planned to install 2 of the same bow and upgrade at least 4 ship. Such plans were not destined to come true, and "Agile" as a result remained the only frigate of the 61 Avenue armed with the Uragan air-defense missile system. In 1990, "Checked" put on scrap.

Photo 4

Admission to service

 

The Uragan anti-aircraft missile system is armed with EM Ave 956. The head EM of 956 Ave. “Modern” was laid in 1976, and it was launched in the winter of 1978, and in the summer of 1980, it passed acceptance tests in the Baltic. The acceptance certificate was signed on 25 on December 1980 of the year.

 

In 1983, the Uragan air defense missile system was put into service. By the middle of 1992, 15 EM 956 pr with such a complex was put into operation.

 

The air defense missile system is being installed on Soviet destroyers of the “Modern” type. From 1985 to the present day, 16 ships of this class were created, and also after 2000, two destroyers for the IMF of China were built.

Photo 6

The 956 X-NUMX EM missile launchers of the M-2 anti-aircraft missile system, located in the stern and bow of the ship directly behind the AK-22-MP130 artillery, are installed. As for the combat stock, it consists of 184 missiles.

 

The indicator of the maximum range of destruction of an air target at an altitude greater than 1 km - 25 km at an altitude of 25 meters and below 12 km. The firing zone is 360 degrees. The maximum speed of air targets hit is 830 meters per second. The number of simultaneously fired objects - up to 12 units (their number is determined by a complete set of air defense missile systems).

 

Export

 

The ship's Hurricane SAM system is exported under the name of “Calm”. To date, the "Shtil" complexes are supplied to China as part of the armament of the EM of 956 AE, India - the frigate of the Avenue 11356, EM of the cash desk "Delhi".

 

Modernization

 

According to A.Pavlov, on EM Ave. 956, starting with “Unrestrained”, a “Hurricane-Tornado” is established (a modification of the “Hurricane” air defense system). The lower bound of the target's damage is reduced to 5 meters, the furthest bound of the defeat of the new complex is affected to 70 km (most likely this is a typo, since the furthest border is no more than 40 km - approx. Air Defense Bulletin).

 

In the Western media, another “Hedgehog” modernization was mentioned, in this complex they were going to use the new 9М317 rocket from the Buk-М2 air defense system.

Photo 7

Performance characteristics

  • Range of damage: 1 — 25 km
  • The affected area is at the height of: 25 m - km 12
  • Target flight altitude zone: 10 m - 15 km
  • Number of targets fired simultaneously: 12
  • Target area: 360 °
  • Maximum speed of targeted targets: 330 — 830 m / s
  • ZUR average flight speed: 1000 m / s
  • Missile weight: 685 kg
  • Warhead Weight: 70 kg
  • Target radius: 17 m
  • Missile length: 5500 mm
  • Rocket body diameter: 400 mm
  • Steering wheel: 860 mm
  • Ammunition: 24 — 96 Missiles
  • Reaction time (on duty): 16 — 19 with

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