The aircraft Tupolev ANT-14. A photo. History. Characteristics.
ANT-14 - airliner, which carried out its first flight in 1931 year.
At the beginning of the 1930-x, a significant step in the development of domestic heavy aviation was the work of the TsAGI team, led by A.N. Tupolev. He was engaged in the design and development of the largest passenger liner (at that time) ANT-14, which was later named "Pravda". It was an all-metal five-engined high-ridge with a duralumin corrugated skin, designed according to the scheme that gave the start to the development of the ANT-9. ANT-14 in its design had many aggregates and nodes, borrowed from TB-3 (ANT-6). ANT-14, just like ANT-9, reflected in itself the line of Tupolev's creativity in the development of heavy aircraft with a large payload.
At the beginning 1930-h aviation world believed that the size of the aircraft make it more effective, as this disproportionately and grow repeatedly payload weight of the structure. Many of the creators of the aircraft, hoping to lift the weight of the payload by reducing the weight of the aircraft, began to look for a solution easier to use the scheme of a biplane, despite its aerodynamic irrationality. However, neglecting aerodynamic qualities made this futile path.
But the use of the monoplane scheme goes by without cost: it has complicated the decision to increase the weight of the payload additional difficulties develop lighter aircraft structure. Tupolev together with II Sikorski in their airplanes made a decision to "revolutionary unloading" wing - placing the fuel in the wing and the diversity of power plants along the wing span. Tupolev, applying these principles, began to treat the leaders of the world's aircraft. This concept, starting with the TB-1, used in the ANT-14.
While K-5 8 was designed for passengers on the ANT-9 9, then ANT-14 been many more. Tupolev in the design of the machine had to be taken to all of the requirements for passenger aircraft with special attention. They take into account the safety of flight operations, airworthiness standards, the reliability of systems that provide the flight, economy of operation, noise and comfort.
It is worth noting that the main direction of the work 30-ies, aimed at the development of civil aircraft, primarily distinguished by increasing power by increasing the number of engines. But, despite this, the flight data improved slightly. However, the performance characteristics from ANT-14 managed to get quite high.
ANT-14 originally designed for flights on the route Moscow - Vladivostok. In the middle of 1930-TsAGI and CAF signed a contract for the urgent establishment of technical requirements for the aircraft and its conceptual design. Leaders on the development of the aircraft was appointed experienced engineers: Wing - V. Petlyakov fuselage - Arkhangel'skii, empennage - Nekrasov, engine equipment - I. Pogossky.
Using assemblies and parts of the TB-3, thoroughly tested in real operation, significantly speeded up the construction. In 1930 was developed layout ANT-14, 32 designed for passenger and 1931 year completed the assembly of the car and rolled it on the airfield of the production hall.
ANT-14 5 was equipped with engines "Gnome-Rhone", each 480 hp The wing center section was greater scope than the TB-3 (on 0,8 m). Inside the wing fuel tank capacity were 4, the capacity of which - 2 thousand. Kg. The fuselage has a rectangular cross-section with convex upper and lower sides. The maximum cross-sectional height and width - 3,2 m. Inside, there were rows of seats 9, 4 on each row with a passage in the middle. In the winter, the plane was operated on skis.
ANT-14 was tested in flight Mikhail Gromov 14 1931 year in August. And the next day the plane took off again. Creators from tests which have been quite successful, make sure that ANT-14 has no design flaws. His crew consisted of the navigator, the two pilots and flight attendants.
By all accounts creators ANT-41 turned out quite successful. After the first test pilot Gromov wrote in his report: "The aircraft is easily managed, well-behaved in flight and responsive to slight air currents. Takeoff and landing took place without complications. "
Tupolev and his team tried to make the ANT-41 comfortable, convenient, beautiful and enjoyable for air travel.
ANT-14 characteristics:
Modification | ANT-14 |
Wingspan, m | 40.40 |
Aircraft Length m | 26.49 |
Height, m | 5.02 |
Wing area, m2 | 240.00 |
Weight, kg | |
empty aircraft | 10828 |
maximum take-off | 17530 |
engine's type | 5 PD Gnome Jupiter VI |
Power, hp | X 5 480 |
Maximum speed km / h | |
on high | 236 |
near the ground | 195 |
Cruising speed, km / h | 204 |
Practical range, km | 400 |
Practical ceiling, m | 4220 |
Crew | 2 (5) |
Payload: | 32 passenger or 4500 kg of cargo |
Aircraft ANT-14 (True) I really like how the technical characteristics, and on its outer rigorous mind. The aircraft is designed to carry people. Oh yeah, I was still very amused by the fact that it initially wanted to put only one route Moscow - Vladivostok, but since the aircraft was able to do and great flights, it began to use different routes.
It seems to me that the plane came so practical and roomy by renowned engineers: I. Pogossky V. Petlyakov, N. Nekrasov, A. Archangel.
The aircraft could accommodate 32 passengers and as a maximum 5 crew members. It was a large (1930 year) technique that could carry so many people, even despite their small size. And in those years there was no such a flow of people and the aircraft was losing money, because it was not profitable to take a couple of people to such a route as Moscow-Vladivostok. That's why he was removed from production. And I believe that this is in vain. One could use this one, but keep all the drawings, all the plans, all the characteristics and the main draft design. And after hard times, when people would be more, the demand for this route would also be greater and it could be used. But still, despite the fact that the plane was active with 1930 for 1931 year, it still left its not a small trace in the history of aircraft.
Well, then what is unclear about the appearance of the aircraft. There were plans for the implementation of civilian flights. Without any calculations and reflection have designed and created a plane ... and he bang! And there was no need. In principle, everything in our country. Although the carrier could be gorgeous. Large, comfortable and relatively comfortable. It would be only one transport. I like that the chief engineer made his all-metal. Serious aircraft credible. And by the way, the correct leadership TSAGI decided to use the basic units of the "third ANT".
Quite an interesting specimen, and given that the precise meaning of its appearance until now no one knows. It seems like he had to transport people from Moscow to Vladivostok back ... but by the absence of the required passenger decided to abandon this idea. To be honest if I did not understand why it was to spend time and effort to the creation of such an aircraft if his fate was predetermined. In our country, always. Please do that, but then I thought, why did.
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