Mechanization of the wing of the aircraft. Description. Photo. Video.

The term "wing lift" in English sounds like "high lift devices", which literally means a device for increasing lift. This is precisely the main purpose of wing mechanization, and where are the planes related to wing mechanization and how they increase the lift, and also why this is needed - this article will tell.

Mechanization of the wing - the list of devices that are installed on the wing of the plane to change its characteristics during the different stages of the flight. The main purpose of an airplane wing - creating lift. This process depends on several parameters - speed of the aircraft, the air density, the area of the wing and its lift coefficient.

Mechanization wing directly affects the area of the wing and its lift coefficient, and indirectly by its velocity. The lift coefficient is dependent on the curvature of the wing and its thickness. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the mechanization of the wing apart from the wing area also increases its curvature and thickness profile.

In fact not the case, because the increase in the thickness of the profile associated with great technological difficulties, is not as effective and more increases the drag, because the item must be dropped, respectively, the mechanization of the wing area and increases its curvature. This is done by moving parts (planes) located at certain points of the wing. By location and functions, the mechanization of the wing is divided into flaps, slats and spoilers (Interceptor).

The flaps of the aircraft. The main types.

Flaps are the first of the invented varieties of wing mechanization, they are also the most effective. They were widely used even before the Second World War, and during and after its design was finalized and, also, new types of flaps were invented. The main characteristics that indicate that this flap really is it is its location and the manipulations that occur with it. The flaps are always located on the trailing edge of the wing and always go down and, moreover, can be extended backward. When the flap is lowered, the curvature of the wing increases, when it is extended, the area. And since the lift of the wing is directly proportional to its area and the coefficient of lift, then if both values increase, the flap performs its function most effectively. According to their device and manipulations, the flaps are divided into:

simple flaps (the first and most simple form of the flap)
Panel-mounted flaps
slotted flaps
Fowler flaps (the most effective and most widely used in civil aviation kind of flap)

How all of the above flaps function is shown in the diagram. A simple flap, as can be seen from the diagram, just a downward deflection of the trailing edge of the wing. Thus, the curvature of the wing increases, but the area of low pressure above the wing decreases, therefore simple flaps are less effective than shield flaps, the upper edge of which does not deflect and the area of low pressure does not lose size.

Slit flap gets its name because it cracks formed after the rejection. This slot allows passage of the air stream to a low pressure and it is directed so as to prevent flow separation (a process during which the magnitude of the lifting force decreases sharply), giving it extra energy.

Fowler flap pushed back and down, what increases the area and the curvature of the wing. Usually, it is designed so that when the nomination also created slit or two or even three. Accordingly, it performs its function most efficiently and can produce an increase in lifting force to 100%.

Slats. Main functions.

Slats - deflecting surface at the leading edge of the wing. Its structure and functions are similar to the Fowler Flaps - deflected forward and downward, and slightly increasing the curvature of the area to form a slot for the passage of the air flow to the upper edge of the wing, thus contributing to increase lift. Slats, simply drop down, that do not create a gap called the flap and only increase the curvature of the wing.

Spoilers and tasks.

Spoilers. Before considering the spoilers, it should be noted that when creating an additional lift, all of the above devices create additional drag, which leads to a reduction in speed. But this happens as a consequence of increasing the lift, while the task of spoilers is specifically a significant increase in drag and pressing the aircraft to the ground after touching. Accordingly, this is the only device for mechanization of the wing, which is on its upper surface and is deflected upwards, which creates the clamping force.

And why do you need to increase the lift? Generally requires less increase in lift, as the aircraft speed decrease, at least in civil aviation. As these two values are directly related, and therefore occurs at the expense of one another.

Reducing the speed necessary during takeoff and landing to ensure greater safety and reduce the length of the runway. In addition, combat aircraft often when performing a particular maneuver is necessary to quickly increase or decrease the lift, which serves the mechanization of the wing.