Ensuring the safety of helicopter operations
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Ensuring the safety of helicopter operations

Ensuring the safety of helicopter operations

 

The safety of helicopter flights is an actual and complex task, from the successful solution of which the life of the crew and the economic efficiency of the aircraft used depend. Safety requirements are more stringent than requirements for the efficiency of helicopter use or their readiness for use. The modernity of this problem is due to the increase in speed, the significant complication of the design, the increased requirements for the use of a fleet of helicopters. Flights on modern helicopters are performed with the use of complex equipment, the perfection and reliability of which largely determine the load of the flight crew and safety of flights.

The factors endangering safety, you should first of all be attributed failures units in flight. The main ones are the following: the destruction of the elements of the helicopter carrier system, propulsion systems, control systems, fuel, hydraulic and pneumatic systems, etc .;. failures in the flight control systems, particularly in the hover, in a carrier system; failures in power plants, fluid and gas systems, navigation systems, communication control circuits and control systems, including terrestrial systems.

Ensuring the safety of helicopter operations

The appearance of these in-flight failure possibly due to the presence in certain cases of constructive and operating drawbacks disorders manufacturing processes, lack of operational reliability assemblies, systems and power plants helicopters.

For operational factors affecting flight safety, are mistakes flight and technical personnel, shortcomings in the planning, organization and operational control, failures and malfunctions in the systems of ground support mission. Errors technical staff in the performance of various types of service in preparation for flying helicopters can also be the cause of the prerequisites for a flight accident.

A high level of safety is ensured through appropriate measures in several important ways. One of them is the creation of advanced helicopters, have good performance characteristics, providing the necessary requirements

The frequency of air accidents is determined by the ratio of their number to 100 000 hours of flight.

Many countries have developed regulations for SFM. During the investigation of flight accidents different methods are used: the network of prevention, checklists, standard forms.

In addition to the standardization of quantitative reliability requirements for helicopters, the US stated in the contracts for the development of new helicopter models and organizational engineering tasks to ensure the reliability of the control of their performance at all stages of development.

In order not to repeat the errors of design, developed handbooks for designers in the United States, which are collected and systematically identified in the operation of the erroneous design decisions that reduce the effectiveness of the use of helicopters and the safety of their flights.

Representatives of the customer and aviation companies participate in all evaluation commissions on helicopters (from layouts and until the end of the tests). Representatives of companies permanently involved in the operation of helicopters are obliged to implement recommendations for improving their designs. Operational airlines in the United States are developing flight accident elimination programs, responsible for their implementation are all services and primarily the responsible flight safety officer. Specialists in flight safety are trained in special courses. The airlines hold monthly meetings on safety issues.

Securing 2 helicopter flights

In the USA delivered information on safety issues, starting with a description of flight accidents and prerequisites for him and ending outlining specific methods for the organization of work on helicopters. Full details of all flight accidents, premises to him, the refusal of the unsatisfactory operation of the helicopter - it is the main element coming across the system safety.

The collected information about all the violations and deviations in the operation, as well as flight accidents are recorded in a standard format that ensures the unity and completeness of the information, the compiler simplifies forms and easy reading of information in machine processing. Of great importance for the prevention of air accidents have information about failures, workmanship and repairs errors in the operation of helicopters. To this end, the United States has a system of units of reports, which are filled with service maintenance and repair.

The system reports include the following forms: an urgent message about the poor condition of helicopters; customary report on the unsatisfactory state of helicopters; a report of unsatisfactory quality helicopters; a report on the quality of new and renovated factory helicopters; a report on the operation and maintenance of helicopters.

The first four forms are used for reporting on the poor condition and the fifth gives the information to assess the operation of the service and the operation and maintenance of this system is the auxiliary. Data on the helicopters are widely used by firms and operating units. They spend:

  • 1. Analysis of data on the failure rate of systems and units.

  • 2. Identification of parts with high failure rates and justification of the need to take measures to improve their quality.

  • 3. Analysis of the established scope of helicopter inspections and justification of changes in the scope, frequency and technology of inspections.

  • 4. Correction of the originally installed resources of parts and assemblies.

  • 5. Analysis of the technical condition of helicopters and certain types of equipment.

  • 6. Determination of trends in the statistical characteristics of flight reliability and safety.

Reports of the unsatisfactory condition of the helicopters are analyzed in all higher instances and in the United States Flight Safety Administration, which is responsible for carrying out all work to prevent flight accidents. It receives and processes all safety-related information, and is thus a single center on this issue. It processes and analyzes all information related to flight safety regardless of the causes of flight accidents, including data on helicopter failures. At the same time, computers are used in the USA, Germany, Austria, etc., which greatly expanded the possibilities of analysis. Machine processing of data received by the service of operation and maintenance of helicopters is also carried out for each aviation base. Manual data processing is used in exceptional cases. There is also the practice of sharing information between countries on safety issues. 

 

In control studies of safety include:

  • 1. The flight safety department in the operation of aviation equipment, including helicopters, performs analyzes of all flight accidents due to failures or improper maintenance.

  • 2. The department (flight accident investigation investigates individual flight accidents or assigns specialists to units to provide the necessary assistance in the investigation. Examines reports on the state of personnel life support systems, analyzes the forms of the composition of flight units, maintains statistics, studies information literature.

  • 3. The divisions' flight training analysis department takes part in the investigation of flight accidents and the development of recommendations for their prevention.

 

Each group includes experienced experts and representatives of the air base and firm.

 

Guidelines for the safety of civil aviation provides for the Chief, Committee on transport security and is composed of the Office of Safety (BAS), which solves the following-problem:

  • 1. Supervises and participates in the investigation of flight accidents.

  • 2. Develops recommendations for preventing flight accidents.

  • 3. Coordinates plans and programs to address safety concerns.

  • 4. Participates in the development of safety standards.

  • 5. Takes part in the analysis of the design on the issues of flight safety in the development and operation of helicopters.

  • 6. Analyzes the accepted procedure for crew actions in emergency flight conditions and develops recommendations for all changes.

  • 7. Organizes training for specialists on the organization and performance of work to ensure flight safety.

 

Currently, the customer controls all stages of development and production of helicopters. In addition, the firm provides quality control of the manufacture of helicopters.

The system usually reports on the results of operation does not, quickly, so the company "Bell helicopter" to obtain timely and complete information on faults, does not create the processing and distribution of reports of malfunctions;

failure analysis and development of measures to prevent them;

check the status of instrumentation in laboratories;

control of the thoroughness of the implementation guidance on helicopter refueling fuel.

OCC analyzes the failures and faults detected in flight and during operation and maintenance. Particular attention is paid to the prevention of the recurrence of failures. To solve this problem we recommend the following areas of work:

  • Stage I - analysis of failures and malfunctions and their classification;

  • Stage II - determination of the causes and culprits of failures and malfunctions;

  • Stage III - development of preventive measures;

  • Stage IV - implementation of activities in departments by representatives of the JCC.

I developed a vision system that can reduce the risk of flying accidents at 70%

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