Operating Expense helicopters

Operating Expense helicopters are characterized by flight hour cost, the calculation is made in accordance with the requirements of the ATA-60 for each case. This technique is used in many world airlines. Determined by the direct operating expenses (PER) for what you need to know: the price of the helicopter as a whole, its main components and engines; the cost of overhaul of the helicopter; information resource helicopter airframe, engine and main units.

Then, should identify:

• a) flight expenses, which include salaries of the crew, the cost of fuel oil .i;
• b) land costs or maintenance costs (labor, materials, spare parts);
• c) expenses for overhaul of the airframe, engines, main units of the helicopter;
• d) expenses for amortization of the airframe, engines, units (residual value — 16% of the product price);
• e) insurance costs based on the insurance rate of 6% of the helicopter price per year, taking into account the average annual flight time;
• f) hangar rent.

After determining all the costs and summing them are direct operating costs for a given helicopter raid, t. E. Flight hour cost (the cost-to-fly).

For the calculation of commercial cargo, which is capable of a helicopter transported on this route, you need to make an analysis of the shuttle.

For this purpose it is generally necessary to know:

1. Basic initial data:

• a) speed: cruising with a flight mass less and more than normal; when climbing and descending; (vertical when climbing and descending;
• b) weight: empty helicopter, crew, oil, equipped helicopter (without fuel);
• c) altitude of flight and landing sites above sea level;
• d) temperature conditions in the area of ​​the route.

2. Time, fuel consumption and distance traveled by the helicopter at the initial and final stages of flight — when starting and testing engines, takeoff and acceleration, climb and descent, braking and landing.

3. Flight mass and fuel consumption at the beginning and end of level flight, average fuel consumption in level flight, fuel consumption, distance and time of level flight in the flight segment with flight weight more and less than normal, total time and total distance of level flight (actual and taking into account 3% correction for navigation error).

4. General flight indicators: range, flight time, average hourly fuel consumption, daily (annual) flight time.

Based on the analysis of the trip are determined by the required amount of fuel for the flight on a given route and the amount of payload (number of passengers, cargo, mail), which is able to carry a helicopter. The latter is determined using nomograms showing the dependence of gross weight of the helicopter on the outdoor temperature and the height of the landing site altitude during takeoff from the influence and without the influence of "air cushion".

Knowing the direct operating costs, overhead costs and the amount of payload, we can determine the cost of the ticket for passengers. For example, we approximate calculation (with certain assumptions) direct operating expenses shuttle analysis and determine the amount of payload and the cost of tickets for the route Cusco-match pitch in the Republic of Peru to the use of this route passenger helicopter middle class.

Calculation of direct operating costs (PER)

Initial data:

1. Assigned resources: helicopter - 10 h; transmission units and support system and engines - 000 h; main rotor blades - 2000 h; tail rotor blades - 1500 h.

2. The overhaul life of the helicopter and its units is 1000 hours.

3. Cost of overhaul: airframe — 15% of the original cost; units - 20% of the original cost.

4. Residual value - 15%.

5. The cost of spare parts and consumables for maintenance - $ 20 / l. h. (hereinafter, the calculation is carried out in US dollars).

6. The cost of fuel and oil is $ 31,7 / liter. h.

7. Salary of technical staff - 1000 USD per month.

8. Salary for flight personnel — $ 1500 per month.

9. Hangar rental - $ 110 per month.

10. The attack helicopter in the day - 4 20 hours min (1400 hours per year).

11. Prices helicopter engines units: Helicopter - 900 000 dollars .; Engine 86 400; the main gearbox - 63 600; transmissions - 5 157; swash, bearing sleeves and the tail rotor - 36 450; rotor blades - 24 390; tail rotor blades - 6 840 dollars.

12. Insurance rate is taken from the calculation: 20% the price of the helicopter - a one-time fee and US $ 12 500. - Monthly fee. In terms of flight hour rate is 125 insurance dollars. Flying hour.

A regular analysis

1. Initial data for analysis:

• a) the height of the take-off and landing sites above sea level: Jusco airport - 3312 m; Matchu-Pitchu site - 2060 m;
• b) distance along the route — 100 km in one direction;
• c) temperature conditions at the takeoff and landing sites: Cusco airport: maximum 22 ° С; average 13 ° C; 1minimum 7 ° С; Matchu-Pitchu site - 23 ° С, 20 ° С, 15 ° С, respectively;
• d) flight altitude - 3800 m;
• e) cruising speed along the route — 180 km / h;
• f) flight time (total round trip) - 1,44 hours;
• g) weight of an empty helicopter - 7196 kg;
• h) crew (2 people) - 160 kg;
• i) mass of oil in systems - 70 kg;
• a) curb weight of the helicopter (without fuel) -7426 kg.

2. Determination of the amount of fuel during takeoff (refueling at both points of "draft"):

• a) fuel consumption in the flight from Cuoco to Matchu-Pitchu is 324 kg, of which: takeoff, acceleration, braking and landing - 30 kg; for a climb from 3312 to 3800 m - 34 kg; for a decrease from 3800 to 2060 m - 34 kg; for level flight, taking into account a 3% correction for range (with a specific flow rate of 2,8 kg / km) —226 kg;

• b) fuel consumption in the flight from Matchu Pitchu to Cuzco is 331 kg, of which: takeoff, acceleration, braking and landing - 30 kg; for a climb from 2060 to 3800 m - 65 kg; for a decrease from 3800 to 3312 m - 10 kg; for level flight, taking into account 3% correction for range — 226 kg;

• c) air navigation fuel reserve for 30 minutes of flight - 300 kg. Thus, the mass of fuel during takeoff at Cuzco, taking into account

Air Navigation stock is 624 kg, while off the pitch in the match - 631 kg.

3. Determination of the value of the payload.

The curb weight of the helicopter fuel (without payload) Jari takeoff at Cuoco is 7426 + 624 = 8050 kg, while off the pitch in the match-7426 + 631 = 8057 kg.

The amount of payload is the difference between maximum take-off mass, at which the helicopter can take off from the landing site in Cuzco and match pitch at a certain temperature with or without the influence of the effect of "air cushion" and the curb weight of the helicopter fuel. This maximum weight is taken from the nomogram helicopter.

Results count values ​​payload, as well as the number of passengers who are able to transport the helicopter from Cusco-match pitch-Cusco.

4. Determination of the cost of tickets. Knowing the PER and the value of the payload, you can determine the cost of tickets on the Cuzco-Matchu-Pitchu route and back.

The cost of tickets (B) is determined from the total costs. Overhead is assumed to be 40% of total expenses. where n - the number of passengers transported in this variant of payload; 1,44 - total time both ways, h.

In this case, the cost of round-trip tickets, depending on the number of passengers transported by helicopter, and temperature conditions will range from up to 50 80 dollars.