Tu-244: the return of supersonic aircraft in the sky
Blog
Tu-244: the return of supersonic aircraft in the sky

Tu-244: the return of supersonic aircraft in the sky

 

In the near future, Russia may again return to the sky supersonic passenger airliners, and an excellent tool for this is the continuation of works on creating a final developed during the Soviet era supersonic jet aircraft Tu-244.

According to the most conservative official statements, the Tu-244 aircraft is likely to be commissioned in 2025 year, that is, literally in 10 years. Of course, as expected, its appearance will differ slightly from the development of Soviet aircraft builders, but in general, the air car will remain so, as was intended.

Jet supersonic Tu-244 4 will have turbojet engines, which allow to raise the airplane to an altitude of 20 thousand meters, which will significantly relieve the currently used areas. However, with this comes the need for a long runway, but this task is quite feasible and relatively inexpensive, especially since a number of airports can already take such aviasudna.

 

 

Technical characteristics of the supersonic aircraft are also very modern, although the work was carried out in far 1971 year. Estimated speed of the aircraft must reach 2175 km / h, but not ruled out the possibility that it will be increased up to 2500 km / h. The estimated number of passengers that can be taken on board an aircraft is about 300 people that, in principle, corresponds to modern trends in civil aviation. Rocket supersonic aircraft Tu-244 It will have a huge size - its length will be about 88 meters, wingspan - 45 meters and a height of about 15 meters. However, at the moment engineers aircraft manufacturers solve two very important tasks that really make the aircraft a truly modern:

  1. The increase in flight distance, as Soviet engineers decided that flight to 9200 kilometers is good, but in reality, it is very small;
  2. Reduced fuel consumption of the aircraft, as we recall, precisely because of this reason, the whole world abandoned the use of jet airliners.

If the first problem is solved relatively easily, then this is the second may have a number of difficulties. However, work on this project underway, and it is possible that in the near future, we will be able to see the supersonic airliner Tu-244 in the sky.

The benefits of using supersonic jet airliners are indisputable:

  1. Flights between regions, countries and continents will be as quickly and comfortably as the passengers will be able to reach the point of its destination in three or more times faster;
  2. In view of the large-capacity aircraft, will be able to somewhat reduce the cost of air travel itself;
  3. Increase ease of aircraft maintenance, as one large aircraft will serve much faster than the two small aircraft.

 

Tu-244 story

Tu-244 scheme

Examining the project supersonic aircraft of the second generation of ATP-2 started around since at 1971 1973 year. Engineers from design bureau, citing the experience of the creation of the Soviet Tu-144 and American ATP announced the project prepared by the Tu-244.

 

We are focused on the technical characteristics of existing and projected types of subsonic airliners. The calculations also included the competitiveness of the aircraft with respect to economic efficiency, environmental acceptability and provided facilities for passengers.

 

The criteria for efficiency focus fell on the great performance of ATP-2 compared to subsonic machines. That is, the number of aircraft of the type Tu-244 much smaller, but the higher the efficiency. On the one hand, the ATP-2 required large amounts of fuel, but, on the other hand, the carrier to such planes would need half as compared with conventional regular flights.

 

From an environmental point of view, the SPS-2 was both profitable and not. During the creation of a supersonic aircraft (60-e - 70-e) especially on environmental factors were not looking. But the same sonic booms, the release of harmful substances, noise on the ground and a negative impact on the ozone layer carrying an adverse impact on the creation of aircraft.

 

Creation of the ATP-2 25 took more years. During this time, the OKB employees have designed several options Tu-244. They have differences in terms of aerodynamic configuration, powerplant, airframe and flight characteristics. If you take comparison PCA-2 and 1-SPS, it is possible to observe a huge difference in the level of aerodynamics, propulsion efficiency and overall weight and overall dimensions. Initially, all work on the ATP-2 personally led Tupolev, but after a while the duties conferred on designer A. Pukhov. M. Kazakov was engaged in technical guidance on the aircraft Tu-244.

Tu-244 photo

The first planned project for the Tu-244 was the version produced in 1973. It was planned to install four engines with a total thrust of 37 kgf each. Cruising supersonic mode - 500 kg / kgf per hour. Takeoff weight - 1,23 tons, payload - 360 tons. Depending on the configuration options, the aircraft could take on board from 30 to 264 passengers. Total wing area - 321 m2. Upon reaching a cruising speed of the device could fly a distance of 8000 km.

 

The base for the aircraft served Tu-144. To increase the value kmax aircraft engineers reduced the relative midsection nacelles and fuselage attached more elongated wing. Mechanization of the wing leading edge was applied in the form of a deflectable bows. Placing separate nacelle with axial air intakes above the maximum thickness of the wing.

 

At the end of the year 76 defense industry of the USSR put forward a decision on the ATP-2, which was determined by the order of creation and the main data on the Tu-244. According to this decision the first SPS-2 should be small in size with a takeoff weight of up to 275 m Wing area -. 750 m2, takeoff weight of engines - up to 27 kgf. But the decision took into account the possibility of creating a larger apparatus.

 

By 1985, the OKB staff prepared a technical proposal for the Tu-244 with the presence of DIC, giving take-off thrust up to 24 kgf. The use of variable cycle engines would make it possible to optimize the process of operation of the power plant in different flight modes to the most advantageous extent and would create the possibility of performing a highly economical subsonic flight over territories with a high population density.

 

draft version of the ATP-2 using engines on liquid hydrogen is also considered.

 

In 1993, the two units of the Tu-144D converted into a flying laboratory to perform the type of work on the project of the second generation of ATP.

 

The x-80 and 90-ies of the creation of such aircraft was a question about the necessity and rationality of their use altogether. All leading countries (France, USA, Germany, Italy, UK, USSR, Japan, and Italy) have started to coordinate environmental and economic factors.

 

Complete information about the future of the aircraft was made available to all at the Paris Air Show in 1993 year. The planned period of air entering the machine operation - 2025 year. We plan to create about 100 passenger aircraft.

 

Aircraft design Tu-244

 

General Arrangement plane is calculated to provide a large aerodynamic qualities, regardless of flight mode.

 

The trapezoid wing Tu-244 is an influx from the complex deformation of the middle surface and variable profile along the span. The ailerons provide control of roll and pitch and balance. By the front edge of the mounted type of mechanized deflected socks. From the structural point of view, the wing has an average (passes through the fuselage), and the front part of the console. The middle part of the console and use mnogolonzheronnuyu mnogonervyurnuyu and power schemes, the front - beznervyurnaya. In the most loaded wheel it decided to use the material from the high-titanium alloy VT-6CH.

Tu-244 photo

Vertical tail from the constructive point of view seems to be on the wing, but for the direction of responsible two-piece wheel.

 

The structure of the fuselage includes a hermic tank, bow and tail sections. Depending on the different arrangements, the fuselage along the diameter may be different. Also, the future number of passenger seats directly affects the diameter. For example, if the passengers will be from 250 to 320 people, the optimal diameter choice will be the mark - 3,9 m. In this case, the seats will be placed in such a way: the tourist and business class is 3 + 3, and the first class is 2 + 2. The new height in 4,1 m solves the problem of installing a convenient luggage compartment under the floor of the passenger compartment. In addition, it is convenient to load containers. A similar fuselage cross section of the Tu-204 aircraft. Accordingly, in Tu-244 the hermachine is made of aluminum alloys, and the tail and nose compartments are made of composite materials.

 

It should be noted that the plane does not have the "lantern" cockpit or deflected nose, as in the base model Tu-144. In flight, the necessary review will be carried out at the expense of glass cockpit and on the movements of the earth (WFP), landing and take-off the required visibility will be done by providing a system of optical-electronic survey, which works in any weather conditions and regardless of the time of day.

 

For chassis refers front desk and three major. In turn, the external rack triaxial and removed in the wing, and the center has a biaxial truck and hidden in the fuselage. A similar stand is located in the nasal support Tu-144. Application in the construction of three main pillars carried out to ensure the impact of the specified loads on the concrete runway. Navigation and flight equipment will provide a landing on IIIA category of ICAO.

Tu-244 characteristics:




dimensions
fuselage length, m 88,7
Wingspan, m 54,77
Wing area, m2 1200
wing Extension 2,5
Sweep the wing leading edge center section 75 on
console 35 on
The width of the fuselage, m 3,9
The height of the fuselage, m 4,1
The luggage compartment, m3 32
Weight
Takeoff (maksimmalnaya), kg 350000
Aircraft without fuel, kg 172000
Fuel weight, kg 178 000
Power point
Engines 4 DTRD
Link (forced), kgs 4h 33000
Flight data
Cruising speed M 2,05
Practical flight range, km 9200
Flight altitude, m 18000-20000

 

Aircraft

Yes, on such an airplane it is possible and 50000 to pay for the flight. It's like plunging into the future. This is my minimum wage. I'm personally for it. In my childhood, unfortunately, I did not fly to Tu-144. My father wanted to fly back and forth to Almaty, but my mother was outraged. It's a pity. I would now be proud that in infancy I overcame the sound barrier to the Tsar of the Airplane.

I am very glad that in the near future a really high-quality passenger aircraft will be created. With this help I hope we can reduce the time and costs of air travel. Although it will not be ready soon, but still we are going to development. I was always amazed that with our own powerful aircraft manufacturing, our same airlines use foreign planes. The question is why to finance other countries, when we ourselves can provide the entire air park for flights to any destination. I hope that this model of a passenger aircraft will be bought from the advanced countries of the world for our flights.

It says nothing about the "near future". The year is indicated - 2025. In modern realities, this means - never.

Pages

upstairs