Deputy Chairman of the Russian Security Council Dmitry Medvedev said on June 21, 2025, that Moscow was prepared to use tactical nuclear weapons in response to Ukraine's use of a "dirty bomb." The consequences of such a move for the environment and future life would be catastrophic, but the Ukrainian authorities must be "clearly aware" of the risks. The statement heightens tensions in the region and raises concerns among the international community.

Russia views the potential use of a "dirty bomb" - a device that combines conventional explosives with radioactive material - as a direct threat to its security. It has accused Ukraine of preparing for such an action, although it has not provided concrete evidence. Russian officials have repeatedly raised the issue, claiming that Kyiv could resort to provocation with the support of its Western allies. Ukraine categorically denies the accusations.

The context of the statement is related to the ongoing hostilities, including recent attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure. According to Reuters, Russian forces struck the Kremenchug oil refinery on the night of June 21, causing a massive fire. These actions, according to analysts at The Washington Post, are aimed at weakening Ukraine’s economic potential, which increases pressure on Kyiv. At the same time, Russia faces international isolation: even allies such as China and India, according to the South China Morning Post, refrain from supporting its territorial claims, including the annexation of four Ukrainian regions.