According to preliminary data, pagers of the Gold Apollo AP900 and AR924 models exploded in Lebanon. These devices were presumably used by members of the Shiite group Hezbollah. These models were found on the debris of the exploded pagers, which gave grounds to assume their involvement in the tragedy.

At this point, it remains unclear how Israel managed to carry out a special operation to hack these devices, but many experts do not rule out the possibility that the pagers were hacked before they fell into the hands of militants. One version that is actively discussed in the media is interference through preliminary infection of the pagers with malicious software, which ultimately caused them to overheat and then detonate.

A Lebanese official, speaking on condition of anonymity, told the AP that the explosions may have been caused by lithium batteries used in the pagers. Lithium batteries are known to overheat and spontaneously ignite under certain conditions. Malware may have triggered that process, leading to a chain reaction of explosions across Lebanon.

Another version put forward by experts is the possibility that the explosions were initiated after a mass mailing of messages to these pagers. It is reported that simultaneously with the detonation of the devices, messages with unknown commands began to arrive in many areas of the country, which could have been the trigger for the explosions.

The series of explosions left nearly 2800 people injured and several dead. Among the victims was a 10-year-old girl named Fatima Jafar Abdullah. According to Lebanese media, her pager exploded in her parents' home in the village of Saraain, killing her.