On January 17, 2025, in Moscow, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian signed the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Agreement, aimed at deepening cooperation between the two countries in various fields.

The signing ceremony took place in the Kremlin's Malachite Hall after lengthy negotiations between the leaders. President Putin described the meeting as thorough and stressed that the new agreement would become the basis for the further development of Russian-Iranian relations.

The new treaty replaces the previous Treaty on the Fundamentals of Relations and Principles of Cooperation, signed in 2001 and automatically extended every five years. In recent years, the parties have come to the conclusion that the previous document does not correspond to modern geopolitical realities and the level of interaction between Moscow and Tehran.

According to a statement by Iran's Ambassador to Russia Kazem Jalali, the new treaty consists of a preamble and 47 articles covering all aspects of bilateral relations. The document provides for cooperation in the areas of security, defense, energy, finance, transport, industry, agriculture, culture, science and technology.

In the security sphere, the agreement provides for joint military exercises and increased military-technical cooperation to counter common threats. Both countries undertake to resolve differences in accordance with the UN Charter and international law, and to prevent the use of their territories to support separatist actions against each other.

In the energy sector, the parties agreed on the joint development of oil and gas fields, as well as cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy, including the construction of nuclear power plants.

In the trade and economic sphere, it is planned to create a modern payment system, independent of third countries, with the promotion of the use of national currencies and financial products.

President Pezeschkian noted that the signing of the agreement opens a new chapter in relations between Russia and Iran, emphasizing the importance of expanding trade, economic and defense cooperation. He also stated that regional problems should be resolved without the intervention of external forces.

The signing of this agreement takes place against the backdrop of increasing sanctions pressure from the West and serves as a demonstration of the desire of Moscow and Tehran to strengthen bilateral ties and jointly counter external challenges.