The device aircrafts
An aircraft, a unique, most complex design, in the operation of which maximum reliability and responsibility must be taken into account. This is because the winged steel mechanism is responsible for the most valuable thing people have - for their life. A lot of people are working on its creation, every moment is taken into account, the smallest detail is not overlooked, and only responsible and good specialists take on the work.
For those who have connected their lives with airplanes or are going to do so, you can learn from this chapter. This is, of course, an informative and very useful section of the site, which provides professional information to those who are fond of or engaged in the professional design, modeling of aircraft, engines and other components.
A detailed description of the creation and work, the drawings provided, will help you understand the topic as thoroughly as possible.
The section is useful both for professionals, students, and just free amateurs, because such a wonderful invention as an airplane or a helicopter cannot but interest people who actively use its capabilities.
If you have unique articles with photographs and drawings, you can share them with the readers of this resource who are interested so that the site is replenished with interesting and informative information. Section (aircraft parts, aircraft parts, aircraft Physics) Is presented below.
The device of the aircraft:
Name | Description |
Fuselage | The term "fuselage" is commonly understood as the body of the aircraft |
Propeller plane. The blades of the aircraft. Propeller. | Using screws converts torque from the engine thrust. |
Avionics | Avionics - the whole range of electronic equipment, which is installed on board the aircraft |
Altimeter | The altimeter is a flight and navigation instruments for measuring altitude |
Aircraft Ventilation | The air conditioning system of the aircraft is an onboard life support system. |
Traction | Traction - power generated by the engine. She pushes the plane through the air stream. |
Stringer | Longitudinal element circuit sets the plane which is associated with the ribs and the wing skin or fuselage frames |
aircraft wing spar | Longerons - a wing abutting components which are part of the compensatory nodes |
heat shield | The front part of the aircraft or missiles |
Slats aircraft | Responsible for regulating the carrying properties |
The ramp of the aircraft | The device is performing loading and unloading operations on the airplane. |
Emergency and rescue means | The order of application of aviation safety equipment |
Flaps Aircraft | Significantly improve the bearing characteristics of the wing when separated from the runway |
Boarding the plane | The shell, tail and forming the outer surface of the body of the aircraft |
airborne radars | Used to detect and locate air, surface and ground objects. |
aircraft Chassis | The system, consisting of supports that allow the aircraft to carry out the parking lot, moving cars, or water aerodrome |
The luggage compartment of the aircraft | Luggage compartments are thoughtful design that allows for easy loading |
Vitality helicopter | Combat survivability is as important parameter of the helicopter, as well as the range, payload |
Stabilizer | It acts as the rear surface of the carrier and is responsible for the longitudinal stability of the aircraft |
center section | The central part of feathers (wing) aircraft |
Caisson | It is a part of the power wing and other elements of the airframe |
Autopilot | Most of the flight control of passenger airliners carry it autopilots |
Reverse | Reverse name is used mode aircraft engine |
The strength of the aircraft | Safety of aircraft is directly related to the durability of structures |
Ejector seat | A special device that is intended to rescue the pilot or the crew of the aircraft in complex emergencies. |
The bailout of the plane | The rescue capsule - a closed ejection device which is intended to save the pilot of the aircraft in complex emergencies |
Radio-technical short-range navigation system | The main means of short-range navigation in ICAO Organization (ICAO) adopted the VOR system (VOR), BOR / DME (VOR / PMD, VORTAK (VORTAK) and TACAN (TAKAN) |
Artificial horizon | One of the instruments on board aircraft, which is used for indicating and determining the slope, roll, pitch the aircraft |
Navigation lights Aircraft | Any aircraft equipped with airborne air navigation and parking lights |
Sidelights aircraft | Lighting equipment has also called side lights Aircraft |
Fuel tanks | From fuel tanks are the fuel wires to the power plant, which ensures its food fuel |
Rack Chassis | Rack is one of the main components chassis systems in airplanesany class |
Types of aircraft engines | All other engines can be divided into 9 major categories. |
Aircraft Black Box | Here's a riddle: It is orange, and it is called "black" |
gargrot | The streamlined fuselage missiles or aircraft |
The term "mechanization of the wing" in English sounds like «high lift devices», which literally - a device for increasing the lifting force
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Гидравлика | The hydraulic system used to control the rudders and stabilizers, landing gear extension and retraction subsidence-takeoff mechanization, other consumers. |
Voice informer | An electronic device that provides automatic transfer of pre-programmed messages in information channels. |
Compass aircraft | It defines and maintains the course direction of flight |
Turboprop engines are used in cases where the speed of the airplane is relatively small
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For all jets in common the fact that during the combustion process and subsequent conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy of the combustion products
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History piston engine has a few decades longer than the story of the aviation.
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Today, aviation almost 100% consists of machines that use a type of gas turbine power plant
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roll aircraft |
Airplane roll (from the French carène - keel, underwater part of the ship or from the English kren-gen - to put the ship on its side)
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Weightlessness in the plane | A condition in which the gravitational attraction is completely absent |
Tyres for aircraft | Aircraft tires - multielement component constructed of three materials: a cord, rubber and metal. |
flight data |
Speed, Rate of climb, Flight duration, Payload, Maneuverability, Evolution, Ceiling
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Pitch (fr. Tangage - pitching) is the angular movement of an aircraft or vessel relative to the main (horizontal) transverse axis of inertia.
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Yaw (yaw) - the angular movements of the aircraft, vessel, car relative to the vertical axis, as well as small changes in the course to the right or left, characteristic of the vessel.
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Steering wheel height of the aircraft | Steering wheel height of the aircraft - aerodynamic control of the aircraft, which rotates around the transverse axis. |
Attack angle | aircraft angle of attack (common designation ![]() |
Aircraft lift | Why do airplanes fly? Read more in this article ... |
Filling Equipment airports | Over the past 10 - 15 years has changed significantly fueling equipment for aircraft ground equipment. |
Cabin crew | The room located in front of the aircraft, from where the pilots exercise control |
Sanitary unit | It used as a rule, on passenger planes, which make long air flight |
The hub of the system and their types | The aircraft hydrant filling system (TsZSVS) is a complex system of pipelines and fuel lines with many control units and pumping systems. |
slotted wing | This wing of the discharge side can be separated from the others ... |
The maneuverability of the aircraft. Handling and stability of the aircraft. | The maneuverability of the aircraft - is its ability to change over time its position in space |
Failed engine airplane or a flight with asymmetric thrust. | The flight manual for each type of aircraft provides recommendations for piloting in the event of an engine or propeller control system in all phases of flight |
Takeoff, landing on the snow-covered airport | Passenger planes operate runway cleared of snow and ice. However, in some cases, planes operate on specially prepared strips with snow cover |
Emergency reduction of aircraft | The pilot must perform reduction with maximum speed and with the greatest possible angle of trajectory. |
Aeronautical meteorology | Aeronautical Meteorology - Meteorology Applied branch that studies the impact of meteorological elements and weather phenomena on aircraft operations. |
The line position of the aircraft | Line position called the locus position of the aircraft on the ground |
Doppler radar system Samoletnaya | It is an autonomous radar system piloting |
Rhumb Line, orthodromy | Furthermore special cases when rhumb line and orthodromy match (flight along the meridian or equator) |
Systems of reference travel angles and the plane of the course | Selecting the frame corners travel flight and aircraft performance data rate is determined by the aircraft and its navigation equipment. |
Piloting the great circle | The maps used in civil aviation (scale 1: 1 000 000 and 1: 2 000 000) |
Navigation and Separation | Flight levels are established by conventional level, which corresponds to the level of the Baltic Sea |
Category: Classification of airplanes |
Classification served flight, technical characteristics and the type of engine used, except for these parameters to take into consideration a large number of features. |
flight safety | The problem which is solved by the efforts of civil aircraft manufacturers and operators |
Air Transportation System | It is a set of co-operating aircraft ... |
flightworthiness | Allows safe flight under the anticipated conditions and established operating procedures |
Aircraft maintenance | Complex operations to maintain and restore health elements of functional systems |
pilot training | The imperfection of the system of training of flight personnel is a significant deterrent to improve safety |
Onboard Software | The most important document is the DO-178 |
Boeing Great Reference - Glossary of Terms (English. And translation into Russian.)
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M |
N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
The device of the helicopter:
Name
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Description
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Helicopter called aircraft heavier than air, The lift force is generated by one or more rotors
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The wings of the helicopter rotate like a propeller blade.
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Getting started on the project, the designer must know the technology decision-making.
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Each unit has its own functionality.
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The forces acting on the helicopter | All forces acting on the helicopter can be divided into surface and mass forces. |
An array defining the structural and technological factors, formed by the structural elements are not force
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Helicopter rotor blades and consists of a sleeve. The blades create lift needs.
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The operating conditions of the main rotor blade of a helicopter differ in many respects from the operating conditions of an aircraft wing.
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Complete reliability and safety of the structure of the helicopter during the entire service life can only be ensured proper surveillance system during its operation
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Requirements for helicopters | Many of these requirements are contradictory, read more ... |
Russia, according to this scheme, a helicopter with two propellers was built by a helicopter back in 1907 by designer Antonov.
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In the role of a helicopter rotor wing plays.
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We calculate the main rotor thrust ...
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The strength of the helicopter design | Strength means the ability of a structure to perceive, without collapsing, given external loads encountered during operation |
Helicopter rotor blade consists of several (typically to from 2 5), connected to the hub.
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To avoid attachment or, in other words, to improve the stability of the helicopter between the blade and the sleeve is installed GSH
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Swivel (or Coriolis) forces occur in all cases where the body simultaneously participating in two motions, one of which rotary
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In mounting the blade to the hub has, in addition to axial and horizontal hinges, one hinge - vertical (VSH).
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Helicopter rotor blades must be built so that they create the necessary lifting force arising withstand all loads on them
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The helicopter engine is used to rotate the main rotor
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Jet drive rotor has advantages in comparison with the driven piston engine
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Rocket, powder, liquid rocket; jet engines, ramjet, a pulsating air-jet, turbo-jet and turbo-prop.
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Here you can read an article about how to manage a helicopter and pomotret video.
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In steady flight speed of the helicopter is constant or zero
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Flight mode, in which there is not any movement of the center of gravity of the helicopter
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Climb is a heavy vertical mode.
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Consider now the climb along an inclined path in the presence of forward speed.
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The descent and landing | Shutter or scheduling is performed in such a mode of operation of the rotor, when the air passes through the rotor surface swept upwards |
Autopilot Helicopter | Enabling the autopilot in helicopter management system should be performed by a so-called differential circuit |
Managing collective pitch rotor and helicopter engines | Collective pitch lever with locking system in any position to the left of the pilot seat |
Directional control helicopter | Command directional control lever are the foot controller |
helicopter cable runs | The power cable runs from the State applied to various control channels |
helicopter Transmission | Constructive set of elements (units) of the kinematic connection propulsion (main) engine with a carrier (or curtain) screw |
The main gearbox of the helicopter | Rotational speed of modern gas turbine HPT ranges from 6000 17000 to rev / min |
The lubrication system of the helicopter gearboxes | The lubrication system brings oil to all rubbing parts gear - gear wheels, bearing supports, spline connection |
Helicopter rotor shaft | Val DI loaded by forces and moments on his sleeve and the torque generated at the output of GH |
Gearboxes intermediate and tail rotor | RV Reducer is designed to change the direction of the axis of the drive shaft at an angle of 90 ° and reduce its speed |
Brake rotor and transmission shafts | Brake HB (TNV) is designed to reduce the time and stop HB transmission units after switching off the engine |
Expansion and gear couplings | These couplings are used to connect shafts with axes and misalignment deformable base |
spline connection | In the compounds of transmission shafts are used primarily involute gears (splined) connection |
MA | Mechanical continuously variable transmission includes driving and driven shafts |
Oil helicopter system | The oil system of transmission is usually performed independently for each gear (main, intermediate, PB) |
Power point | Powerplant (SU) consists of a helicopter engine of its attachments, air intake, output devices, channels and systems |
Mounting the engine in a helicopter | The engine mount should take the load coming on its crankcase. |
helicopter Air intakes | The design and layout of the air intake SU helicopter must be designed so ... |
Input devices and engine hood helicopter | Hoods (lining) engine nacelles designed and installed so as to withstand the vibration, inertia and other loads from the air stream |
The fuel system of the helicopter | It shall be designed and located so as to prevent the ignition of fuel vapor |
Fuel tanks helicopters | The tank is fixed so as to act on, a load is not concentrated on loose surfaces |
Fire helicopter protection | In addition to the automatic sprinkler system provides a system including a pilot. |
helicopter Chassis | The name "Chassis" says that the landing gear designed for taking off and landing of helicopters |
The wheels of the helicopter landing gear | Track Chassis affects protivokapotazhny angle y and the characteristics of the "earthly" resonance |
Amortizartory chassis | The strength of hitting the ground is perceived Pneumatics quantitatively converted and transmitted through the shock absorber on the design of the helicopter |
Driving retraction | Schemes release and cleaning the main landing gear is much more diverse |
The fuselage of the helicopter | The fuselage of the helicopter is designed to accommodate the crew, equipment and payload. |
helicopter Wing | Depending on the purpose of the wing formed the requirements that the designer must carry out the development of CIL |
The tail assembly of the helicopter | The tail unit consisting of horizontal (stabilizer) and single-fin vertical or dvuhkilevoe |
Helipad | The land area in the building, and so on. N., Equipped for takeoff, landing and maintenance of helicopters. |
Heliport | The small airport is designed to serve only helicopters. |
intermeshing rotors | In the 30s of the last century, a German designer Anton Flettner invented synchropper . |